The microbial and chemical risk analysis of drinking water in a small island, Spermonde Archipelago

• Autorzy: Birawida Agus B. , Daud Anwar , Ibrahim Erniwati , Hidayanty Healthy , Sila Nurlia , Maming Maming , Nur Muhammad , Khaer Ain , Arundhana Andi I. , Arsin Arsunan

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.24425/jwld.2024.149113

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Coastal areas face greater risk in terms of health and the environment. They are the most vulnerable to impacts resulting from climate change. Coastal areas with higher population density also have more environmental problems, such as natural disasters. Environmental health risks from chemicals and microbes continue threatening people living on small islands. Therefore, this study aims to: 1) conduct a chemical risk analysis of heavy metals Pb, Cr(VI), and Ni; 2) analyse the microbial risk posed by drinking water consumed daily by people on small islands. A method used to analyse the chemical risk of heavy metals was the environment health risk assessment (EHRA), whereas to analyse the microbial risk in small islands, the quantitative microbial risk assessment (QMRA) was used. The results showed that the concentration of heavy metals in drinking water was <0.0012 mg∙dm^-3 for Pb, <0.01 mg∙dm^-3 for Cr(VI), and <0.0019 mg∙dm^-3 for Ni. The three heavy metals showed worrying results. Assessment and obtained risk quotient were less than one (RQ < 1) in all samples. Meanwhile, the microbial analysis found Escherichia coli, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, Enterobacter sp., and Citrobacter sp., with risk characterised from low to high. Risk management is needed to control environmental health risks posed by heavy metals and the microbiological characteristics of drinking water on the small islands of the Spermonde Archipelago.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

chemical risk; environment health risk assessment; EHRA; quantitative microbial risk assessment; QMRA; small island; risk analysis; water quality

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo ITP
• Czasopismo: Journal of Water and Land Development
• Rocznik: 2024
• Tom: no. 60
• Strony: 112--121
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 46 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Birawida Agus B.

• Hasanuddin University, Department of Environmental Health, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km 10, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8223-2387

autor

Daud Anwar

• Hasanuddin University, Department of Environmental Health, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km 10, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6236-6097

autor

Ibrahim Erniwati

• Hasanuddin University, Department of Environmental Health, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km 10, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1810-5279

autor

Hidayanty Healthy

• Hasanuddin University, Department of Nutrition, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km 10, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4319-0011

autor

Sila Nurlia

• Hasanuddin University, Department of Environmental Health, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km 10, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9612-159X

autor

Maming Maming

• Hasanuddin University, Department of Chemistry, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km 10, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0407-8553

autor

Nur Muhammad

• Hasanuddin University, Department of Mathematics, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km 10, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-3867

autor

Khaer Ain

• Health Polytechnic, Department of Environmental Health, Jl.Wijaya Kusuma 1 No.2, Makasssar, South Sulawesi, 90222, Indonesia

• https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9858-1297

autor

Arundhana Andi I.

• The University of Sidney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Science Rd, Camperdown NSW 2050, Australia

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9926-6604

autor

Arsin Arsunan

• Hasanuddin University, Department of Epidemiology, Jl. Perintis Kemerdekaan Km 10, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245, Indonesia

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3311-6686

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