Advanced fuel system with gaseous hydrogen additives

• Autorzy: Shalapko Denys , Radchenko Mykola , Pavlenko Anatoliy , Radchenko Roman , Radchenko Andrii , Pyrysunko Maxim

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.24425/bpasts.2024.148837

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The advancement of contemporary internal combustion engine technologies necessitates not only design enhancements but also the exploration of alternative fuels or fuel catalysts. These endeavors are integral to curbing the emission of hazardous substances in exhaust gases. Most contemporary catalyst additives are of complex chemical origins, introduced into the fuel during the fuel preparation stage. Nonetheless, none of these additives yield a significant reduction in fuel consumption. The research endeavors to develop the fuel system of a primary marine diesel engine to facilitate the incorporation of pure hydrogen additives into diesel fuel. Notably, this study introduces a pioneering approach, employing compressed gaseous hydrogen up to 5 MPa as an additive to the principal diesel fuel. This method obviates the need for extensive modifications to the ship engine fuel equipment and is adaptable to modern marine power plants. With the introduction of modest quantities of hydrogen into the primary fuel, observable shifts in the behavior of the fuel equipment become apparent, aligning with the calculations outlined in the methodology. The innovative outcomes of the experimental study affirm that the mass consumption of hydrogen is contingent upon the hydrogen supply pressure, the settings of the fuel equipment, and the structural attributes of the fuel delivery system. The modulation of engine load exerts a particularly pronounced influence on the mass admixture of hydrogen. The proportion of mass addition of hydrogen in relation to the pressure of supply (ranging from 4–12 MPa) adheres to a geometric progression (within the range of 0.04–0.1%). The application of this technology allows for a reduction in the specific fuel consumption of the engine by 2–5%, contingent upon the type of fuel system in use, and concurrently permits an augmentation in engine power by up to 5%. The resultant economic benefits are estimated at 1.5–4.2% of the total fuel expenses. This technology is applicable across marine, automotive, tractor, and stationary diesel engines. Its implementation necessitates no intricate modifications to the engine design, and its utilization demands no specialized skills. It is worth noting that, in addition to hydrogen, other combustible gases can be employed.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

hydrogen; additives; internal combustion engine; fuel catalysts

PL

wodór; dodatki; silnik spalinowy; katalizator paliwowy

• Wydawca: Polska Akademia Nauk, Wydział IV Nauk Technicznych
• Czasopismo: Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
• Rocznik: 2024
• Tom: Vol. 72, nr 2
• Strony: art. no. e148837
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr 82 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Shalapko Denys

• Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, Heroes of Ukraine Avenue 9, 54025 Mykolayiv, Ukraine

autor

Radchenko Mykola

• Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, Heroes of Ukraine Avenue 9, 54025 Mykolayiv, Ukraine

autor

Pavlenko Anatoliy

• Kielce University of Technology, Department of Building Physics and Renewable Energy, Aleja Tysiąclecia Państwa Polskiego 7,25-314, Kielce, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8103-2578

autor

Radchenko Roman

• Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, Heroes of Ukraine Avenue 9, 54025 Mykolayiv, Ukraine

autor

Radchenko Andrii

• Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, Heroes of Ukraine Avenue 9, 54025 Mykolayiv, Ukraine

autor

Pyrysunko Maxim

• Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding, Heroes of Ukraine Avenue 9, 54025 Mykolayiv, Ukraine

Bibliografia

• [1] Y.C. Miao, C.L. Yu, B.H. Wang, and K. Chen, “The applied research of emulsified heavy fuel oil used for the marine diesel engine,” Adv. Mater. Res., vol. 779–780, pp. 469–476, 2013, doi: 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.
• [2] J. Ikäheimo, R. Weiss, J. Kiviluoma, E. Pursiheimo and T.J. Lindroos, “Impact of power-to-gas on the cost and design of the future low-carbon urban energy system,” Appl. Energy, vol. 305, p. 117713, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2021.117713.
• [3] A.K. Shukla and O. Singh, “Thermodynamic investigation of parameters affecting the execution of steam injected cooled gas turbine based combined cycle power plant with vapor absorption inlet air cooling,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 122, pp. 380–388, 2017, doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2017.05.034.
• [4] D. Konovalov et al., “Research of characteristics of the flow part of an aerothermopressor for gas turbine intercooling air,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part A – J. Power Energy, vol. 236, no. 4, pp. 634–446, 2021, doi: 10.1177/09576509211057952.
• [5] R. Radchenko, V. Kornienko, M. Radchenko, D. Mikielewicz, A. Andreev, and I. Kalinichenko, “Cooling intake air of marine engine with water-fuel emulsion combustion by ejector chiller,” E3S Web Conf., vol. 323, p. 00031, 2021, doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/202132300031.
• [6] D. Konovalov, R. Radchenko, H. Kobalava, A. Zubarev, V. Sviridov, and V. Kornienko, “Analysing the efficiency of thermopressor application in the charge air cooling system of combustion engine,” E3S Web Conf., vol. 323, p. 00017, 2021, doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/202132300017.
• [7] Z. Yang et al., “Analyzing the efficiency of thermopressor application for combustion engine cyclic air cooling,” Energies, vol. 15, p. 2250, 2022, doi: 10.3390/en15062250.
• [8] Z. Yang, R. Radchenko, M. Radchenko, A. Radchenko, and V. Kornienko, “Cooling potential of ship engine intake air cooling and its realization on the route line,” Sustainability, vol. 14, p. 15058, 2022, doi: 10.3390/su142215058.
• [9] M. Radchenko, D. Mikielewicz, A. Andreev, S. Vanyeyev, and O. Savenkov, “Efficient ship engine cyclic air cooling by turboexpander chiller for tropical climatic conditions,” Integrated Computer Technologies in Mechanical Engineering – 2020. ICTM 2020. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 2021, vol. 188, pp. 498–507.
• [10] A. Radchenko, N. Radchenko, A. Tsoy, B. Portnoi, and S. Kantor, “Increasing the efficiency of gas turbine inlet air cooling in actual climatic conditions of Kazakhstan and Ukraine,” AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 2258, no. 1, p. 030071, 2020. doi: 10.1063/5.0026787.
• [11] R. Radchenko, N. Radchenko, A. Tsoy, S. Forduy, A. Zybarev, and I. Kalinichenko, “Utilizing the heat of gas module by an absorption lithium-bromide chiller with an ejector booster stage,” AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 2258, no. 1, p. 030084, 2020, doi: 10.1063/5.0026788.
• [12] A. Radchenko, M. Radchenko, D. Mikielewicz, A. Pavlenko, R. Radchenko and S. Forduy, “Energy saving in trigeneration plant for food industries” Energies, vol. 15, no. 3, p. 1163, 2022, doi: 10.3390/en15031163.
• [13] S. Forduy, A. Radchenko, W. Kuczynski, A. Zubarev, and D. Konovalov, “Enhancing the fuel efficiency of gas engines in integrated energy system by chilling cyclic air,” International Conference on Advanced Manufacturing Processes. InterPartner-2019. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 2020, pp. 500–509, doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-40724-7_51.
• [14] A. Radchenko, I.C. Scurtu, M. Radchenko, S. Forduy, and A. Zubarev, “Monitoring the efficiency of cooling air at the inlet of gas engine in integrated energy system,” Therm. Sci., vol. 26, pp. 185–194, 2022, doi: 10.2298/TSCI200711344R.
• [15] Z. Bai, Q. Liu, L. Gong, and J. Lei, “Application of a mid-/low-temperature solar thermochemical technology in the distributed energy system with cooling, heating and power production,” Appl. Energy, vol. 253, p. 113491, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2019.113491.
• [16] I.N. Suamir and S.A. Tassou, “Performance evaluation of integrated trigeneration and CO2 refrigeration systems,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 50, pp. 1487–1495, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2011.11.055.
• [17] S. Serbin, M. Radchenko, A. Pavlenko, K. Burunsuz, A. Radchenko, and D. Chen, “Improving Ecological Efficiency of Gas Turbine Power System by Combusting Hydrogen and Hydrogen-Natural Gas Mixtures,” Energies, vol. 16, no. 9, p. 3618, 2023, doi: 10.3390/en16093618.
• [18] K. Danilecki and J. Eliasz, “The Potential of Exhaust Waste Heat Use in a Turbocharged Diesel Engine for Charge Air Cooling,” SAE Powertrains, Fuels & Lubricants Meeting, 2020, pp. 2020–2089, doi: 10.4271/2020-01-2089.
• [19] M.S. Rocha, R. Andreos and J.R. Simões-Moreira, “Performance tests of two small trigeneration pilot plants,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 41, pp. 84–91, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2011.12.007.
• [20] A. Pavlenko, “Change of emulsion structure during heating and boiling,” Int. J. Energy A-Clean Environ., vol. 20, no. 4, pp. 291–302, 2019, doi: 10.1615/InterJEnerCleanEnv.2019032616.
• [21] E. Cardona and A. Piacentino, “A methodology for sizing a trigeneration plant in mediterranean areas,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 23, no. 15, 2003, doi: 10.1016/S1359-4311(03)00130-3.
• [22] R. Radchenko, V. Kornienko, M. Pyrysunko, M. Bogdanov, and A. Andreev, “Enhancing the Efficiency of Marine Diesel Engine by Deep Waste Heat Recovery on the Base of Its Simulation Along the Route Line,” Integrated Computer Technologies in Mechanical Engineering. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 2020, vol. 1113, pp. 337–350, doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-37618-5_29.
• [23] A. Radchenko, D. Mikielewicz, M. Radchenko, S. Forduy, O. Rizun, and V. Khaldobin, “Innovative combined in-cycle trigeneration technologies for food industries,” E3S Web Conf., vol. 323, p. 00029, 2021. doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/202132300029.
• [24] S. Forduy, A. Radchenko, W. Kuczynski, A. Zubarev, and D. Konovalov, “Enhancing the fuel efficiency of gas engines in integrated energy system by chilling cyclic air,” Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 2020, pp. 500–509, doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-40724-7_51.
• [25] Z. Yang, V. Korobko, M. Radchenko, and R. Radchenko, “Improving thermoacoustic low temperature heat recovery systems,” Sustainability, vol. 14, p. 12306, 2022, doi: 10.3390/su141912306.
• [26] A. Pavlenko, “Energy conversion in heat and mass transfer processes in boiling emulsions,” Therm. Sci. Eng. Prog., vol. 15, p. 00439, 2020, doi: 10.1016/j.tsep.2019.100439.
• [27] Z. Yang, M. Radchenko, A. Radchenko, D. Mikielewicz, and R. Radchenko, “Gas turbine intake air hybrid cooling systems and a new approach to their rational designing,” Energies, vol. 15, no. 4, p. 1474. 2022, doi: 10.3390/en15041474.
• [28] M. Radchenko, A. Radchenko, D. Mikielewicz, K. Kosowski, S. Kantor, and I. Kalinichenko, “Gas turbine intake air hybrid cooling systems and their rational designing,” E3S Web Conf., vol. 323, p. 00030, 2021, doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/202132300030.
• [29] A.M. Pavlenko and H. Koshlak, “Application of thermal and cavitation effects for heat and mass transfer process intensification in multicomponent liquid media,” Energies, vol. 14, no. 23, p. 7996, 2021, doi: 10.3390/en14237996.
• [30] N. Radchenko, E. Trushliakov, A. Radchenko, A. Tsoy, and O. Shchesiuk, “Methods to determine a design cooling capacity of ambient air conditioning systems in climatic conditions of Ukraine and Kazakhstan,” AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 2285, p. 030074, 2020, doi: 10.1063/5.0026790.
• [31] N.I. Radchenko, “On reducing the size of liquid separators for injector circulation plate freezers,” Int. J. Refrig., vol. 8, no. 5, pp. 267–269, 1985.
• [32] N. Radchenko, “A concept of the design and operation of heat exchangers with change of phase,” Arch. Thermodyn., vol. 25, pp. 3–19, 2004.
• [33] V. Kornienko, R. Radchenko, T. Bohdal, M. Radchenko, and A. Andreev, “Thermal characteristics of the wet pollution layer on condensing heating surfaces of exhaust gas boilers,” Advances in Design, Simulation and Manufacturing IV-DSMIE 2021. Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 2021, pp. 339–348, doi: 10.1007/978-3-030-77823-1_34.
• [34] N. Radchenko, A. Radchenko, A. Tsoy, D. Mikielewicz, S. Kantor, and V. Tkachenko, “Improving the efficiency of railway conditioners in actual climatic conditions of operation,” AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 2285, p. 030072, 2020, doi: 10.1063/5.0026789.
• [35] Z. Yu et al., “Investigation of thermopressor with incomplete evaporation for gas turbine intercooling systems,” Energies, vol. 16, no. 20, p. 20, 2023, doi: 10.3390/en16010020.
• [36] M.K. Wojs, P. Orliński, W. Kamela, and P. Kruczyński, “Research on the influence of ozone dissolved in the fuel-water emulsion on the parameters of the CI engine,” IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2016, vol. 148, pp. 1–8.
• [37] K.R. Patel and V. Dhiman, “Research study of water- diesel emulsion as alternative fuel in diesel engine – An overview,” Int. J. Latest Eng. Res. Appl., vol. 2, no. 9, pp. 37–41. 2017.
• [38] V. Kornienko, R. Radchenko, M. Radchenko, A. Radchenko, A. Pavlenko, and D. Konovalov, “Cooling cyclic air of marine engine with water-fuel emulsion combustion by exhaust heat recovery chiller,” Energies, vol. 15, no. 1, p. 248, 2022, doi: 10.3390/en15010248.
• [39] Z. Yang, V. Kornienko, M. Radchenko, A. Radchenko, and R. Radchenko, “Research of Exhaust Gas Boiler Heat Exchange Surfaces with Reduced Corrosion when Water-fuel Emulsion Combustion,” Sustainability, vol. 14, p. 11927, 2022, doi: 10.3390/su141911927.
• [40] Z. Yang, V. Kornienko, M. Radchenko, A. Radchenko, R. Radchenko, and A. Pavlenko, “Capture of pollutants from exhaust gases by low-temperature heating surfaces,” Energies, vol. 15, no. 1, p. 120, 2022, doi: 10.3390/en15010120.
• [41] V. Kornienko, M. Radchenko, R. Radchenko, M. Kruzel, D. Konovalov, and A. Andreev, “Absorption of pollutants from exhaust gases by low-temperature heating surfaces,” E3S Web Conf., vol. 323, p. 00018, 2021, doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/202132300018.
• [42] G. Chen, V. Ierin, O. Volovyk, and K. Shestopalov, “An improved cascade mechanical compression – Ejector cooling cycle,” Energy, vol. 170, pp. 459–470, 2019, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2018.12.107.
• [43] C. Fan, D. Pei, and H. Wei, “A novel cascade energy utilization to improve efficiency of double reheat cycle,” Energy Convers. Manag., vol. 171, no. 44, pp. 1388–1396, 2018, doi: 10.1016/j.enconman.2018.06.095.
• [44] V. Tarasova, M. Kuznetsov, D. Kharlampidi, and A. Kostikov, “Development of a vacuum-evaporative thermotransformer for the cooling system at a nuclear power plant,” East.-Eur. J. Enterp. Technol, vol. 4, pp. 45–56, 2019, doi: 10.15587/1729-4061.2019.175679.
• [45] G.N. Sakalis, G.J. Tzortzis, and C.A. Frangopoulos “Synthesis, design and operation optimization of a combined cycle integrated energy system including optimization of the seasonal speed of a VLCC,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part M – J. Eng. Marit. Environ., vol. 235, no. 1, pp. 41–67, 2021.
• [46] M. Radchenko, A. Radchenko, D. Mikielewicz, R. Radchenko, and A. Andreev, “A novel degree-hour method for rational design loading,” Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part A-J. Power Energy, vol. 237, no. 3, pp. 570–579, 2022, doi: 10.1177/09576509221135659.
• [47] A. Radchenko, E. Trushliakov, K. Kosowski, D. Mikielewicz, and M. Radchenko, “Innovative turbine intake air cooling systems and their rational designing,” Energies, vol. 13, no. 23, p. 6201, 2020, doi: 10.3390/en13236201.
• [48] M. Radchenko, A. Radchenko, E. Trushliakov, A.M. Pavlenko, and R. Radchenko, “Advanced method of variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems designing to forecast on site operation. Part 1: General approaches and criteria,” Energies, vol. 16, no. 3, p. 2151195, 2023, doi: 10.3390/en16031381.
• [49] M. Radchenko, A. Radchenko, E. Trushliakov, H. Koshlak, and R. Radchenko, “Advanced method of variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems designing to forecast on site operation. Part 2: Phenomenological simulation to recuperate refrigeration energy,” Energies, vol. 16, no. 4, p. 1922, 2023, doi: 10.3390/en16041922.
• [50] M. Radchenko, A. Radchenko, E. Trushliakov, A. Pavlenko, and R. Radchenko, “Advanced Method of Variable Refrigerant Flow (VRF) System Design to Forecast on Site Operation–Part 3: Optimal Solutions to Minimize Sizes,” Energies, vol. 16, no. 5, p. 2417, 2023, doi: 10.3390/en16052417.
• [51] A. Radchenko, M. Radchenko, H. Koshlak, R. Radchenko, and S. Forduy, “Enhancing the efficiency of integrated energy system by redistribution of heat based of monitoring data,” Energies, vol. 15, no. 22, p. 8774, 2022, doi: 10.3390/en15228774.
• [52] E. Trushliakov, M. Radchenko, A. Radchenko, S. Kantor, and Y. Zongming, “Statistical Approach to Improve the Efficiency of Air Conditioning System Performance in Changeable Climatic Conditions,” 5th International Conference on Systems and Informatics, ICSAI 2018, China, pp. 256–260, 2019, doi: 10.1109/ICSAI.2018.8599434.
• [53] A. Radchenko, M. Radchenko, E. Trushliakov, S. Kantor and V. Tkachenko, “Statistical method to define rational heat loads on railway air conditioning system for changeable climatic conditions,” 5th International Conference on Systems and Informatics, ICSAI 2018, China, pp. 1294–1298, 2019, doi: 10.1109/ICSAI.2018.8599355.
• [54] Z. Chen, L. Wang, X. Wang, H. Chen, L. Geng, and N. Gao, “Experimental study on the effect of water port injection on the combustion and emission characteristics of diesel/methane dual-fuel engines,” Fuel, vol. 312, p. 122950, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2021.122950.
• [55] K.R. Patel and V. Dhiman, “Research study of water-diesel emulsion as alternative fuel in diesel engine – An overview,” Int. J. Latest Eng. Res. Appl., vol. 2, no. 9, pp. 37–41, 2017.
• [56] V.T. Vimalananth, M.S. Panithasan, and G. Venkadesan, “Investigating the effects of injection and induction modes of hydrogen addition in a CRDI pilot diesel-fuel engine with exhaust gas recirculation,” Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, vol. 47, no. 53, pp. 22559–22573, 2022.
• [57] S. Kanth, S. Debbarma, and B. Das, “Experimental investigations on the effect of fuel injection parameters on diesel engine fuelled with biodiesel blend in diesel with hydrogen enrichment,” Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, vol. 47, no. 83, pp. 35468–35483, 2022.
• [58] S. Thiyagarajan et al., “Effect of hydrogen on compression-ignition (CI) engine fueled with vegetable oil/biodiesel from various feedstocks: A review,” Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, vol. 47, no. 88, pp. 37648–37667. 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.12.147.
• [59] J. Luo et al., “Investigation of hydrogen addition on the combustion, performance, and emission characteristics of a heavy-duty engine fueled with diesel/natural gas,” Energy, vol. 260, p. 125082, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.energy.2022.125082.
• [60] E. Uludamar and C. Özgür, “Optimization of exhaust emissions, vibration, and noise of a hydrogen enriched fuelled diesel engine,” Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, vol. 47, no. 87, pp. 37090–37105, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.08.257.
• [61] R.A. Bakar et al., “Experimental analysis on the performance, combustion/emission characteristics of a DI diesel engine using hydrogen in dual fuel mode,” Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, vol. 52-C, pp. 843–860, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.04.129.
• [62] E. Arslan and N. Kahraman, “The effects of hydrogen enriched natural gas under different engine loads in a diesel engine,” Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, vol. 47, no. 24, pp. 12410–12420, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2021.09.016.
• [63] “PureSOx Exhaust gas cleaning,” Alfa Laval Nijmegen BV. [Online]. Available: https://www.alfalaval.com/globalassets/documents/microsites/puresox/puresox-brochure-2018.pdf (accessed: 04 Mar. 2023).
• [64] R.D. Landet, “PM emissions and NO𝑥 – reduction due to water in fuel emulsions in marine diesel engines,” MSc. Thesis, Norwegian University of Scienceand Technology, Department of Marine Technology, p. 73, 2010, [Online]. Available: https://ntnuopen.ntnu.no/ntnu-xmlui/bitstream/handle/11250/237793/375078_FULLTEXT01.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=yhttp://hdl.handle.net/ 11250/237793 (accessed 22 Jun. 2021).
• [65] J. Kjolholt, “Assessment of possible impacts of scrubber water discharges on the marine environment,” The Danish Environmental Protection Agency (Environmental Project No. 1431, 2012), p. 93, 2012, [Online]. Available: https://www2.mst.dk/Udgiv/publications/2012/06/978-87-92903-30-3.pdf (accessed on 22 June 2021).
• [66] “Brent crude oil,” Trading Economics. [Online]. Available: https://tradingeconomics.com/commodity/brent-crude-oil
• [67] S. Szwaja and K. Grab-Rogalinski, “Hydrogen combustion in a compression ignition diesel engine,” Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, vol. 34, no. 10, pp. 4413–4421, 2009, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2009.03.020.
• [68] T.T. Loong, H. Salleh, A. Khalid, and H. Koten, “Thermal performance evaluation for different type of metal oxide water based nanofluids,” Case Stud. Therm. Eng., vol. 27, p. 101288, 2021, doi: 10.1016/j.csite.2021.101288.
• [69] W. Tutak, A. Jamrozik, and K. Grab-Rogaliński, “Evaluation of Combustion Stability and Exhaust Emissions of a Stationary Compression Ignition Engine Powered by Diesel/n-Butanol and RME Biodiesel/n-Butanol Blends,” Energies, vol. 16, no. 4, p. 1717, 2023, doi: 10.3390/en16041717.
• [70] H.W. Wu and Z.Y. Wu, “Investigation on combustion characteristics and emissions of diesel / hydrogen mixtures by using energy-share method in a diesel engine,” Appl. Therm. Eng., vol. 42, pp. 154–162. 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2012.03.004.
• [71] Y. Zhenzhong, C. Chaoyang, W. Lijun, and H. Yan, “Effects of H2 addition on combustion and exhaust emissions in a diesel engine,” Fuel, vol. 139, pp. 190–197, 2015, doi: 10.1016/j.fuel.2014.08.057.
• [72] H. An, W.M. Yang, A. Maghbouli, J. Li, S.K. Chou, and K.J. Chua, “A numerical study on a hydrogen assisted diesel engine,” Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, vol. 38, pp. 2919–2928, 2013, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2012.12.062.
• [73] L.J. Fernández, L.A. Herrero, F.A. Campos, and E. Centeno, “An analysis of the MIBEL green hydrogen roadmap using mathematical programming,” Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, vol. 48, no. 41, pp. 15371–15382, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.01.038.
• [74] W.C. Wang, J.K. Lin, B.H. Huang, X. Cheng, H.M. Poon, and C.Y. Lee, “The study of ignition and emission characteristics of hydrogen-additive hydro-processed renewable diesel,” Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, vol. 48, no. 38, 2023, pp. 14418–14432, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.12.256.
• [75] E. Uludamar and C. Özgür, “Optimization of exhaust emissions, vibration, and noise of a hydrogen enriched fuelled diesel engine,” Int. J. Hydrog. Energy, vol. 47, no. 87, pp. 37090–37105, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.08.257.
• [76] A. Kumar, C.B. Kumar, and D.B. Lata, “Effect of addition of fuel additive in diesel with hydrogen on combustion duration,” Mater. Today Proc., vol. 72, pp. 652–656, 2023, doi: 10.1016/j.matpr.2022.08.305.
• [77] P. Tarnawski and W. Ostapski, “Rotating combustion chambers as a key feature of effective timing of turbine engine working according to Humphrey cycle–CFD analysis,” Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci. Tech. Sci., vol. 70, no. 5, p. e143100, 2022, doi: 10.24425/bpasts.2022.143100.
• [78] M. Bednarski, P. Orliński, M. Wojs, and M. Gis, “Evaluation of the heat release rate during the combustion process in the diesel engine chamber powered with fuel from renewable energy sources,” Bull. Pol. Acad. Sci. Tech. Sci., vol. 68, no. 6, pp. 1333–1339, 2020, doi: 10.24425/bpasts.2020.135394.
• [79] D.O. Shalapko, B.G. Timoshevsky and M.R. Tkach, “Improving the performance of diesel engines by adding hydrogen,” Water Transp., vol. 2, no. 25, pp. 24–28, 2016, doi: 10.1016/j.ijhydene.2023.09.171.
• [80] R. Guo et al., “Hydrogen solubility prediction for diesel molecules based on a modified Henry equation,” Petrol. Sci., vol. 19, no. 1, pp. 363–374, 2022, doi: 10.1016/j.petsci.2021.10.020.
• [81] T.-S. Lee and W.-Ch. Lu, “An Evaluation of Empirically-Based Models for PredictingEnergy Performance of Vapor-Compression Water Chillers,” Appl. Energy, vol. 87, pp. 3486–3493, 2010, doi: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2010.05.005.
• [82] Z.S. Baird, P. Uusi-Kyyny, V. Oja, and V. Alopaeus, “Hydrogen solubility of shale oil containing polar phenolic compounds,” Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., vol. 56, no. 30, pp. 8738–8747, 2017, doi: 10.1021/acs.iecr.7b00966.

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2024).