Czym jest paleosztuka?

Górnicki, S.

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Czym jest paleosztuka?

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Górnicki S.

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What is paleoart?

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Abstrakty

Paleoart can be defined as all the original paleontological and paleoenvironmental reconstructions containing interpretations of the appearance of extinct organisms, constructed on the basis of current knowledge and scientific evidence present at the time of its creation. Paleoart’s purpose is to visualize the organic life in the past geological periods. The word paleoart is also used in other informal sense, as a name for prehistoric art, most often cave paintings. Alternative concept of this term is the domain of archeological society. The basic illustrations in paleoart are: 1) simple line arts, showing the remains of the organisms with the lining of the body and/or muscles and tissues, 2) skeletal reconstructions where the bones are usually depicted as white while the black background represents the body profile of the specimen when it was alive. Dominating in the popular scientific field, "life appearance” or "life restorations” illustrations shows how an extinct organism or biocenosis looked like during life. Life appearance models in paleoart split into two categories: material and virtual. The material models are made in a variety of scales, from small figurines to massive 1:1 scale sculptures. Virtual models are computer generated images of extinct animals. They are made mostly for the purpose of films and sometimes for studies. In Poland, paleoart is a small-scale activity for specialized artists and scientists. Despite the problems derived from the progress of interpretation in paleontology, paleoart has a major significance because it is a perfect manner of spreading knowledge to the society. It inspires and develops hypotheses of scientists concerning extinct organisms.

Słowa kluczowe

paleoart ilustracje naukowe modele naukowe rekonstrukcja

paleoart scientific illustrations scientific models reconstruction

Wydawca

Państwowy Instytut Geologiczny - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy

Czasopismo

Przegląd Geologiczny

Rocznik

2017

Tom

Vol. 65, nr 3

Strony

161--167

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 39 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Górnicki S.

sgornicki@o2.pl

Instytut Geologii, Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza, ul. Maków Polnych 16, 61-606 Poznań

Bibliografia

1. ANSÓN M., HERNÁNDEZ FERNÁNDEZ M. & SAURA RAMOS P.A. 2015 - Paleoart: term and conditions (A survey among paleontologists) [W:] Domingo L., Domingo M.S., Fesharaki O., García Yelo B.A., Gómez Cano A.R., Hernández-Ballarín V., Hontecillas D., Cantalapie- dra J.L., López Guerrero P., Oliver A., Pelegrin J.S., Pérez de los Ríos M., Ríos M., Sanisidro O. & Valenciano A. (red.), Current trends in Paleontology and Evolution. XIII Encuentro en Jóvenes Investigadores en Paleontologia, Cercedilla, 15-18 de Abril de 2015: 28-34.
2. ANTÓN M. 2007 - El secreto de los fósiles. Editor. Aguilar, Madrid, s. 360.
3. ANTÓN M., GARCÍA-PEREA R. & TURNER A. 1998 - Reconstructed facial appearance of the sabretoothed felid Smilodon. Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 124 (4): 369-386.
4. BAKKER R.T. 1986 - The dinosaur heresis. William Morrow and Co, New York, s. 482.
5. BANKS T. 2007 - To CGI or not to CGI? The potential negative affects of special effects. BA dissertation, University of Portsmouth.
6. BARRETT P. 2002 - Dinozaury. G+J RBA, Warszawa, s. 192.
7. BATES K.T., MANNING P.L., HODGETTS D. & SELLERS W.1.2009 - Estimating Mass Properties of Dinosaurs Using Laser Imaging and 3D Computer Modelling. PLoS ONE, 4 (2): e4532.
8. BEDNARIK R.G. 1994 - Ataphonomy of palaeoart. Antiquity, 68 (258): 68-74.
9. BEDNARIK R.G. 2014 - Pleistocene Paleoart of Australia. Arts, 3 (1): 156-174.
10. BARRAS C. 2012 - Leonardo fossil sketch may depict early nests. Nature. com; http://www.nature.com/news/leonardo-fossil-sketch-may-depict-early-nests-1.11841.
11. BRUSATTE S.L., CARR T.D., ERICKSON G.M., BEVER G.S. & NORELL M.A. 2009 - A long-snouted, multihorned tyrannosaurid from the Late Cretaceous of Mongolia. Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., 106 (41): 17261-17266.
12. CARPENTER K. 1984 - Skeletal reconstruction and life restoration of Sauropelta (Ankylosauria: Nodosauridae) from the Cretaceous of North America. Can. J. Earth Sci., 21 (12): 1498-1498.
13. CASALEIRO PJ.E. 1996 - Evaluating the moving dinosaurs: surveys of the blockbuster exhibition in four European capital cities. Visitor Studies, 9(1): 157-170.
14. CONWAY. J., KOSEMEN C.M. & NAISH D. 2012 - All Yesterdays: Unique and speculative views of Dinosaurs and other prehistoric animals. Irregular Books.
15. CORIA R.A., MOLY J.J., REGUERO M., SANTILLANA S. & MARENSSI S. 2013 - A new ornithopod (Dinosauria; Ornithischia) from Antarctica. Cretaceous Res., 41: 186-193.
16. DESOJO J.B. & BÁEZ A.M. 2005 - The postcranial skeleton of Neoaetosauroides (Archosauria: Aetosauria) from the Upper Triassic of west central Argentina. Ameghiniana, 42 (1): 115-126.
17. DICKER B. & LEE N. 2012 - “But the Image Wants Danger”: Georges Bataille, Werner Herzog, and Poetical Response to Paleoart. Time and Mind, 5 (1): 33-51.
18. FARKE A.A., MAXWELL W.D., CIFELLI R.L., WEDEL M.J. 2014 - A Ceratopsian Dinosaur from the Lower Cretaceous of Western North America, and the biogeography of Neoceratopsia. PLoS ONE, 9 (12): e112055.
19. GLENN A.B. & MAZUR H. 1999 - Jurassic QFD. Integrating Service and Product Quality Function Deployment. XI Symp. Quality Function Deployment, Novi, Michigan.
20. HALLETT M. 1986 - The scientific approach of the art of bringing dinosaurs back to life. [W:] Czerkas S.J. & Olson E.C. (red.), Dinosaurs Past and Present 1. University of Washington Press, Seattle: 97-113.
21. HARTMAN S. 2011 - A history of skeletal Drawings. skeletaldra- wing.com. http://skeletaldrawing.blogspot.com/2011/03/history-of-ske- letal-drawings-part-1.html.
22. HECKERT A.B., LUCAS S.G., RINEHART L.F., CELESKEY M.D., SPIELMANN J.A. & HUNT A.P. 2010 - Articulated skeletons of the aetosaur Typothorax coccinarum Cope (Archosauria: Stagonolepididae) from the Upper Triassic Bull Canyon Formation (Revueltian: early-mid Norian), eastern New Mexico, USA. J. Verteb. Paleont., 30(3): 619-642.
23. HODGSON D. 2006 - Understanding the Origins of Paleoart: The Neurovisual Resonance Theory and Brain Functioning. Paleo Anthropology, 2006: 54-67.
24. JAGT J.W.M., HEBDA G., MITRUS S., JAGT-YAZYKOVA E.A., BODZIOCH A., KONIETZKO-MEIER D., KARDYNAŁ K. & GRUNTMEJERK. (red.) 2015 -Programme. 13th Annual Meeting of the European Association of Vertebrate Palaeontologists, Opole, Poland, 8-12 July 2015.
25. MAHER B. 2007 - The theatre: Bringing the past to life. Nature, 449 (7161): 395-396.
26. PAUL G.S. 1987 - The science and art of restoring the life appearance of dinosaurs and their relatives: a rigorous how-to guide. [W:] Czerkas S.J. & Olson E.C. (red.), Dinosaurs Past and Present 2. University of Washington Press, Seattle: 4-49.
27. PAUL G.S. 1991 - The many myths, some old, some new, of dinosaurology. Modern Geol., 16: 69-99.
28. PÉREZ GONZÁLEZ S., CANTALAPIEDRA J.L., ALCALDE G.M. & HERNÁNDEZ FERNÁNDEZ M. 2009 - Análisis de los patrones de coloración en bóvidos (Ruminantia, Artiodactyla): aplicaciones en la paleorreconstruction de Tethytragus Azanza and Morales, 1994. Paleolusitana, 1: 373-382.
29. RAHMAN I.A., ADCOCK K. & GARWOOD R.J. 2012 - Virtual fossils: a new resource for science communication in paleontology. Evol. Educ. Outreach, 5 (4): 635-641.
30. REISZ R.R. & TSUJIL. 2006 - An articulated skeleton of Varanops with bite marks: the oldest known evidence of scavenging among terrestrial vertebrates. J. Verteb. Paleont., 26 (4): 1021-1023.
31. RUDNICKI A. & BROCHWICZ-LEWIŃSKI W. 2015 - Konkurs „Nasza Ziemia - środowisko przyrodnicze wczoraj, dziś i jutro”.http://www.pgi.gov.pl/pl/instytut-geologiczny-aktualnosci-informacje/5586-konkurs.
32. RUDWICK J.S.M. 1992 - Scenes from Deep Time: Early Pictorial Representations of the Prehistoric World. Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago, s. 294.
33. RUDWICK J.S.M. 2008 - The Geologist’s Time Machine (1825-1831). [W:] Worlds before Adam: The reconstruction of geohistory in the age of reform. Univ. Chicago Press, Chicago: 147-160.
34. SCHOCH R.R. 2007 - Osteology of the small archosaur Aetosaurus from the Upper Triassic of Germany. N. Jahrb. Geol. Paläont. Abh., 246 (1): 1-35.
35. SCOTT K.D. & WHITE A.M. 2003 - Unnatural History? Deconstructing the walking with Dinosaurs phenomenon. Media Cult. Soc., 25 (3): 315-332.
36. WITTON M.P. 2008 - A new approach to determining pterosaur body mass and its implications for pterosaur flight. Zitteliana, B28 (28): 143-158.
37. WITTON M.P. 2013 - What Daleks, xenomorphs and slasher movies tell us about palaeoart. markwitton-com.blogspot.com. markwitton-com.blogspot. co.uk/2013/06/what-daleks-xenomorphs-and-slasher.html.
38. WITTON M. P. 2014 - Patterns in Palaeontology: Palaeoart - fossil fantasies or recreating lost reality? Palaeontology Online, 4 (9): 1-14.
39. WITTON M. P., NAISH D. & CONWAY J. 2014 - State of the Palaeoart. Palaeontol. Electron., 17 (3); 5E: s. 10.

Uwagi

Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (zadania 2017).

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Bibliografia

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