Ultrasonic waves and strength reduction indexes for the assessment of the advancement of deterioration processes in travertines from Pamukkale and Hierapolis (Turkey)

• Autorzy: Bobrowska A. , Domonik A.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1515/sgem-2015-0027

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

In constructions, the usefulness of modern technical diagnostics of stone as a raw material requires predicting the effects of long-term environmental impact of its qualities and geomechanical properties. The paper presents geomechanical research enabling presentation of the factors for strength loss of the stone and forecasting the rate of development of destructive phenomena on the stone structure on a long-time basis. As research material Turkish travertines were selected from the Denizli–Kaklık Basin (Pamukkale and Hierapolis quarries), which have been commonly used for centuries in global architecture. The rock material was subjected to testing of the impact of various environmental factors, as well as European standards recommended by the author of the research program. Their resistance to the crystallization of salts from aqueous solutions and the effects of SO2, as well as the effect of frost and high temperatures are presented. The studies allowed establishing the following quantitative indicators: the ultrasonic waves index (IVp) and the strength reduction index (IRc). Reflections on the assessment of deterioration effects indicate that the most active factors decreasing travertine resistance in the aging process include frost and sulphur dioxide (SO2). Their negative influence is particularly intense when the stone material is already strongly weathered.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

travertine; deterioration; geomechanical properties; ultrasonic diagnosis; strength

• Wydawca: De Gruyter
• Czasopismo: Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica
• Rocznik: 2015
• Tom: Vol. 37, nr 3
• Strony: 3--9
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 27 poz., tab., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Bobrowska A.

• University of Warsaw, Faculty of Geology, Department of Geomechanics, Warsaw, Poland

autor

Domonik A.

• University of Warsaw, Faculty of Geology, Department of Geomechanics, Warsaw, Poland

Bibliografia

• [1] ATTIA EL-METWALLI H.R., Geomechanical study of restoration and Conservation of Maadi Town Temple Fayoum Egypt, Ph.D. Thesis, Faculty of Geology, Warsaw University, 2001.
• [2] BELLOPEDE R., MARINI P., The Effect of Water on The Strength of Building Stones, American Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2012a, 8/2, 158–161.
• [3] BELLOPEDE R., MARINI P., Sandstone decay: from historical buildings to laboratory tests, SAHC, 2012b, 1, 691–696.
• [4] BOBROWSKA A., Ultrasonic investigations in assessing rock deterioration, Geologia. Kwartalnik Akademii Górniczo- Hutniczej, 2009, 35(2/1), 633–639. (in Polish).
• [5] BOBROWSKA A., Application of simple methods of Digital imaging in the assessment of the deterioration of travertines from Hierapolis (Turkey), Biuletyn PIG, 2011, 446, 111–116, (in Polish).
• [6] BOBROWSKA A., Resistance changes in the conditions of soil crystallization and SO2 impact in selected macroporous carbonate rocks, Przegląd Geologiczny, 2013, tom 61/5, 311–314.
• [7] BOBROWSKA A., Long-term processes of transformations in geomechanical properties of carbonate rocks in constructional elements, unpublished Ph.D. Thesis, Library of the Faculty of Geology, University of Warsaw, 2014, 1–163, (in Polish).
• [8] DOMONIK A., Resistance and deformation rock properties. Part VI. Central Western Carpathians, p. 13 and p. 14. Warsaw, Poland, Zakł. Geomech. IHiGI. Wyd. Geol. UW, 2012, (in Polish).
• [9] ICOMOS. (2010). International Council on Monuments and Sites.
• [10] KŁOPOTOWSKA A., ŁUKASZEWSKI P., The influence of the salt mist on the deterioration of rock materials, Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica, 2014, 1, 37–46.
• [11] ŁUKASIAK D., Resistance variability of the Godule Sandstones from Brenna in uniaxial stress conditions, Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria, Kwartalnik AGH, 2010, tom 34/2, 435–441. (in Polish).
• [12] ŁUKASIAK D., Influence of selected destructive processes on the resistance of the Godule Sandstones from Brenna, Górnictwo Odkrywkowe, 2013, 1, 56–60, (in Polish).
• [13] ŁUKASZEWSKI P., Deformation capability of flysch sandstones in a complex stress field, Habilitation Thesis, Warszawa, Wyd. UW, 2013, (in Polish).
• [14] PINIŃSKA J., Resistance and deformation rock properties. Kraków-Częstochowa Jura Chain, p. 5. Katalog. Z. Geom. IHiGI. W. Geol. UW, 1999, 1–79, (in Polish).
• [15] PINIŃSKA J., Influence of elevated temperature on the mechanical properties of rocks, Prace Nauk. Inst. Geot. i Hydr. Polit. Wrocł., 2007, 76, 527–534, (in Polish).
• [16] PINIŃSKA J., Geomechanical properties of opokas, Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria, Kwart. AGH, 2008, 32/1, 293–302, (in Polish).
• [17] PINIŃSKA J., DZIEDZIC A., Resistance and deformation properties of rocks. Part V. Lublin Region, p. 10, Descriptions and interpretations, Warsaw, Poland: Wyd. Geol. UW, 2007.
• [18] PINIŃSKA J., BOBROWSKA A., PAMUKCU C., Ultrasonic stuides in assessing rock deterioration, Geologia, Kwart. AGH, 2009, 35/2/1, 633–639, (in Polish).
• [19] PINIŃSKA J., BOBROWSKA A., PAMUKCU C., Deterioration processes of travertine monumental and contemporary stone structures, Geologica Balcanica, 2010, 39/1–2, 310–311.
• [20] PN-84/B-04110. Determining resistance to stress (in Polish). PKN i M. Warszawa.
• [21] PN-85/B-04102. Direct determination of resistance to frost (in Polish). PKN i M. Warszawa.
• [22] PN-EN 12370:2001. Methods used in the research of natural stones. Determining the resistance to soil crystallization (in Polish). PKN i M. Warszawa.
• [23] PN-EN 12371/2002. Methods used in the research of natural stones. Determining the resistance to frost (in Polish). PKN i M. Warszawa.
• [24] PN-EN 13919:2004. Methods used in the research of natural stones. Determining the resistance to aging caused by SO2 impact in the presence of humidity (in Polish). PKN i M. Warszawa.
• [25] SKŁODOWSKI M., PINIŃSKA J., ŁUKASZEWSKI P., BOBROWSKA A., Application of Rayleigh wave to diagnostics of degradation of historic construction materials, Diagnostics and structural health monitoring, 2011, 3/59, 19–24.
• [26] YAĞIZ S., Overview on geo-mechanical assessments of Denizli travertines in Turkey, Proceedings of 10th International Association of Engineering Geologists Congress, Engineering Geology for Tomorrow`s Cities, 384, (in DVD), the Geological Society – London, 2006.
• [27] YUZER E., ANGI S., Natural stone sector in Turkey special attention to Turkish travertine, Int. Symposium on Travertine, Denizli, 2005, 3–13.