Subjective Evaluation of Three Headphone-Based Virtual Sound Source Positioning Methods Including Differential Head-Related Transfer Function

• Autorzy: Storek D. , Rund F. , Marsalek P.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1515/aoa-2016-0043

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This paper analyses the performance of Differential Head-Related Transfer Function (DHRTF), an alternative transfer function for headphone-based virtual sound source positioning within a horizontal plane. This experimental one-channel function is used to reduce processing and avoid timbre affection while preserving signal features important for sound localisation. The use of positioning algorithm employing the DHRTF is compared to two other common positioning methods: amplitude panning and HRTF processing. Results of theoretical comparison and quality assessment of the methods by subjective listening tests are presented. The tests focus on distinctive aspects of the positioning methods: spatial impression, timbre affection, and loudness fluctuations. The results show that the DHRTF positioning method is applicable with very promising performance; it avoids perceptible channel coloration that occurs within the HRTF method, and it delivers spatial impression more successfully than the simple amplitude panning method.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

virtual positioning; virtual reality; positioning method; positioning algorithm; head-related transfer function; amplitude panning

• Wydawca: Instytut Podstawowych Problemów Techniki PAN ; Komitet Akustyki PAN ; Polskie Towarzystwo Akustyczne
• Czasopismo: Archives of Acoustics
• Rocznik: 2016
• Tom: Vol. 41, No. 3
• Strony: 437--447
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 39 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Storek D.

• Department of Radioelectronics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technická 2, 166 27 Prague, Czech Republic

autor

Rund F.

• Department of Radioelectronics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technická 2, 166 27 Prague, Czech Republic

autor

Marsalek P.

• Department of Radioelectronics, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technická 2, 166 27 Prague, Czech Republic

Bibliografia

• 1. Adams N.H., Wakefield G.H. (2008), State-space synthesis of virtual auditory space, IEEE T. Audio Speech, 16, 5, 881–890.
• 2. Algazi V.R., Duda R.O. (2011), Headphone-based spatial sound, IEEE Signal Proc. Mag., 28, 1, 33–42.
• 3. Algazi V.R., Duda R.O., Thompson D.M., Avendano C. (2001), The CIPIC HRTF database, [in:] IEEE Workshop on the Applications of Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics, pp. 99–102.
• 4. Avendano C., Duda R.O., Algazi V.R. (1999), Modeling the contralateral HRTF, [in:] Audio Engineering Society Conference: 16th International Conference: Spatial Sound Reproduction, Audio Engineering Society.
• 5. Baumgartner R., Majdak P., Laback B. (2014), Modeling sound-source localization in sagittal planes for human listeners, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 136, 2, 791–802.
• 6. Blanco-Martin E., Casajús-Quirós F.J., Gómez-Alfageme J.J., Ortiz-Berenguer L.I. (2011), Objective measurement of sound event localization in horizontal and median planes, J. Audio Eng. Soc., 59, 3, 124–136.
• 7. Blauert J. (1997), Spatial hearing: the psychophysics of human sound localization, MIT press.
• 8. Blauert J. (2013), The technology of binaural listening, Springer Verlag, Berlin, eBook.
• 9. Duda R.O. (1996), Auditory localization demonstrations, Acta Acust. United Ac., 82, 2, 346–355.
• 10. Fels J., Vorländer M. (2009), Anthropometric parameters influencing head-related transfer functions, Acta Acust. United Ac., 95, 2, 331–342.
• 11. Gardner W.G. (1998), 3-D audio using loudspeakers, Springer Science & Business Media.
• 12. Hartmann W.M., Rakerd B. (1989), On the minimum audible angle – a decision theory approach, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 85, 5, 2031–2041.
• 13. Huang Y., Benesty J. (2004), Audio Signal Processing for Next-Generation Multimedia Communication Systems, Springer, Boston, MA, USA.
• 14. Kostal L., Marsalek P. (2010), Neuronal jitter: can we measure the spike timing dispersion differently, Chin. J. Physiol., 53, 454–464.
• 15. Langendijk E.H., Bronkhorst A.W. (2002), Contribution of spectral cues to human sound localization, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 112, 4, 1583–1596.
• 16. Lorho G., Huopaniemi J., Zacharov N., Isherwood D. (2000), Efficient HRTF synthesis using an interaural transfer function model, [in:] Signal Processing Conference, 2000 10th European, pp. 1–4, IEEE.
• 17. Majdak P., Goupell M.J., Laback B. (2010), 3-D localization of virtual sound sources: effects of visual environment, pointing method, and training, Atten. Percept. Psycho., 72, 2, 454–469.
• 18. Malinina E.S., Andreeva I.G. (2010), The role of spectral components of the head-related transfer functions in evaluation of the virtual sound source motion in the vertical plane, Acoust. Phys., 56, 4, 576–583.
• 19. Marsalek P. (2001), Neural code for sound localization at low frequencies, Neurocomputing, 38, 1443–1452.
• 20. Marsalek P., Kofranek J. (2004), Sound localization at high frequencies and across the frequency range, Neurocomputing, 58, 999–1006.
• 21. Oreinos C., Buchholz J.M. (2013), Measurement of a full 3D set of HRTFs for in-ear and hearing aid microphones on a head and torso simulator (HATS), Acta Acust. United Ac., 99, 5, 836–844.
• 22. Ortega-González V., Garbaya S., Merienne F. (2010), Reducing reversal errors in localizing the source of sound in virtual environment without head tracking, [in;] Haptic and Audio Interaction Design, pp. 85–96.
• 23. Otcenasek Z. (2008), On Subjective Evaluation of Sound [in Czech], Akademie muzickych umeni, Prague, Czech Republic.
• 24. Pec M., Bujacz M., Strumiłło P. (2007), Personalized head related transfer function measurement and verification through sound localization resolution, [in:] Proceedings of the 15th European Signal Processing Conference, pp. 2326–2330.
• 25. Pulkki V. (2001), Localization of amplitude-panned virtual sources II: Two-and three-dimensional panning, J. Audio Eng. Soc., 49, 9, 753–767.
• 26. Rumsey F. (2011), Whose head is it anyway? Optimizing binaural audio, J. Audio Eng. Soc., 59, 9, 672–675.
• 27. Sanda P., Marsalek P. (2012), Stochastic interpolation model of the medial superior olive neural circuit, Brain Res., 1434, 257–265.
• 28. Seki Y., Sato T. (2011), A training system of orientation and mobility for blind people using acoustic virtual reality, IEEE T. Neur. Sys. Reh., 19, 1, 95–104.
• 29. Shinn-Cunningham B.G., Santarelli S., Kopco N. (2000), Tori of confusion: Binaural localization cues for sources within reach of a listener, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 107, 3, 1627–1636.
• 30. Sodnik J., Susnik R., Tomazic S. (2004), Acoustic signal localization through the use of head related transfer functions, Systemics, Cybernetics and Informatics, 2, 6, 56–59.
• 31. Sodnik J., Susnik R., Tomazic S. (2006), Principal components of non-individualized head related transfer functions significant for azimuth perception, Acta Acust. United Ac., 92, 2, 312–319.
• 32. Storek D. (2013), Virtual sound source positioning by differential head related transfer function, [in:] Audio Engineering Society Conference: 49th International Conference: Audio for Games, Audio Engineering Society.
• 33. Storek D., Bouse J., Rund F., Marsalek P. (2016), Artifact reduction in positioning algorithm using differential HRTF, Journal of Audio Engineering Society, 64, 208–217.
• 34. Suzuki S., Murase M., Wakunami K., Takashi T. (2008), The effect of head motion and HRTF on human auditory localization by headphone presented sound, [in:] The 3rd International Symposium on Biomedical Engineering, pp. 1–4.
• 35. Wersenyi G. (2009), Effect of emulated head-tracking for reducing localization errors in virtual audio simulation, IEEE T. Audio Speech, 17, 2, 247–252.
• 36. Xie B., Zhang T. (2010), The audibility of spectral detail of head-related transfer functions at high frequency, Acta Acust. United Ac., 96, 2, 328–339.
• 37. Yao S.-N., Chen L.J. (2013), HRTF adjustments with audio quality assessments, Archives of Acoustics, 38, 1, 55–62.
• 38. Zhang P.X., Hartmann W.M. (2010), On the ability of human listeners to distinguish between front and back, Hearing Research, 260, 1, 30–46.
• 39. Zölzer U. (2011), DAFX: digital audio effects, Wiley Online Library, Hoboken, NJ, USA.

Uwagi

Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę.