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Tytuł artykułu

Density profile and hardness of thermo-mechanically modified beech, oak and pine wood

Treść / Zawartość
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), oak (Quercus robur L.) and pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) wood were volume-densified by means of thermo-mechanical modification. At first stage the wood was heated in a hydraulic press at temperature 100°C for 720 s, and then one-step densified in order to obtain the target thickness. The wood was cooled in a hydraulic press with unheated plates. Density profiles parallel and perpendicular to the grain were examined. The analysis of the density profiles was carried out on the basis of the following parameters: mean density, minimum to mean density ratio, maximum density, and the distance between the maximum density area and the wood surface. Wood hardness was determined according to the Brinell method. Volume-densified pine wood was characterized by considerably lower susceptibility to densification than beech or oak wood. Densified beech wood had the highest mean density 921 ±7 kg/m3, and the highest maximum density 968 ±12 kg/m3. The Brinell hardness of densified beech, oak and pine wood was twice as high as before the densification. The greatest hardness after the densification 78.60 ±10.56 N/mm2 was observed in beech wood.
Słowa kluczowe
Rocznik
Strony
25--41
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 35 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
  • The Institute of Wood Sciences and Furniture, Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Faculty of Wood Technology, Warsaw, Poland
Bibliografia
  • Bekhta P., Proszyk S., Krystofiak T. [2014]: Colour in short term thermo-mechanically densified veneer of various wood species. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 72 [6]: 785-797
  • Budakçı M., Pelit H., Sönmez A., Korkmaz M.. [2016]: The effects of densification and heat post-treatment on hardness and morphological properties of wood materials. BioResources 11 [3]: 7822-7838
  • Cruz N., Bustos C.A., Aguayo M.G., Cloutier A., Castillo R. [2018]: Impact of the chemical composition of Pinus radiata wood on its physical and mechanical properties following thermo-hygromechanical densification. BioResources 13 [2]: 2268-2282
  • Dogu D., Tirak K., Candan Z., Unsal O. [2010]: Anatomical investigation of thermally compressed wood panels. BioResources 5 [4]: 2640-2663
  • Fang Ch., Mariotti N., Cloutier A., Koubaa A., Blanchet P. [2012]: Densification of wood veneers by compression combined with heat and steam. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 70: 155-163
  • Fang Ch.H., Cloutier A., Jiang Z.H., He J.Z., Fei B.H. [2019]: Improvement of wood densification process via enhancing steam diffusion, distribution, and evaporation. BioResources 14 [2]: 3278-3288
  • Gašparík M., Gaff M., Šafaříková L., Vallejo C.R., Svoboda T. [2016]: Impact bending strength and Brinell hardness of densified hardwoods. BioResources 11 [4]: 8638-8652
  • Gong M., Lamason C., Li L. [2010]: Interactive effect of surface densification and postheat-treatment on aspen wood. Journal of Materials Processing Technology 210 [2]: 293-296
  • Inoue M., Norimoto M., Tanahashi M., Rowell R.M. [1993]: Steam or heat fixation of compressed wood. Wood and Fiber Science 25 [3]: 224-235
  • Kamke F.A. [2006]: Densified radiate pine for structural composites. Maderas. Ciencia y tecnología 8 [2]: 83-92
  • Kollmann F. [1951]: Technologie des Holzes und der Holzwerkstoffe. Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Göttingen-Heidelberg, Germany
  • Kollmann F., Cöte W. [1984]: Principles of wood science and technology. Part one - solid wood. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany
  • Kutnar A., Šernek M. [2007]: Densification of wood. Zbornik gozdarstva in lesarstva 82: 53-62
  • Kutnar A., Kamke F.A., Sernek M. [2009]: Density profile and morphology of viscoelastic thermal compressed wood. Wood Science and Technology 43 [1]: 57-68
  • Kutnar A., Kamke F.A. [2012]: Influence of temperature and steam environment on set recovery of compressive deformation of wood. Wood Science and Technology 46 [5]: 953-964
  • Laine K., Segerholm K., Wålinder M., Rautkari L., Ormondroyd G., Hughes M., Jones D. [2014]: Micromorphological studies of surface densified wood. Journal of Materials Science 49 [5]: 2027-2034
  • Laine K., Segerholm K., Wålinder M., Rautkari L., Hughes M. [2016]: Wood densification and thermal modification: Hardness, set-recovery and micromorphology. Wood Science and Technology 50 [5]: 883-894
  • Laskowska A. [2017]: The influence of process parameters on the density profile and hardness of surface-densified birch wood (Betula pendula Roth). BioResources 12 [3]: 6011-6023
  • Navi P., Girardet F. [2000]: Effects of thermo-hydro-mechanical treatment on the structure and properties of wood. Holzforschung 54 [3]: 287-293
  • Navi P., Heger F. [2004]: Combined densification and thermo-hydro-mechanical processing of wood. MRS Bulletin 29 [5]: 332-336
  • Olsson A.-M., Salmén L. [1997]: The effect of lignin composition on the viscoelastic properties of wood. Nordic Pulp and Paper Research Journal 12: 140-143
  • Pařil P., Brabec M., Maňák O., Rousek R., Rademacher P., Čermák P., Dejmal A. [2014]: Comparison of selected physical and mechanical properties of densified beech wood plasticized by ammonia and saturated steam. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 72 [5]: 583-591
  • Pizzi A., Leban J.-M., Zanetti M., Pichelin F., Wieland S., Properzi M. [2005]: Surface finishes by mechanically induced wood surface fusion. Holz als Roh- und Werkstoff 63: 251-255
  • Rautkari L., Properzi M., Pichelin F., Hughes, M. [2010]: Properties and set-recovery of surface densified Norway spruce and European beech. Wood Science and Technology 44 [4]: 679-691
  • Rautkari L., Kamke F.A., Hughes M. [2011]: Density profile relation to hardness of viscoelastic thermal compressed (VTC) wood composite. Wood Science and Technology 45 [4]: 693-705
  • Rautkari L., Laine K., Kutnar A., Medved S., Hughes M. [2013]: Hardness and density profile of surface densified and thermally modified Scots pine in relation to degree of densification. Journal of Materials Science 48 [6]: 2370-2375
  • Salmén L. [1982]: Temperature and water induced softening behaviour of wood fiber based materials. PhD dissertation, Department of Paper Technology, The Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden
  • Schrepfer V., Schweingruber F.H. [1998]: Anatomical structures in reshaped press-dried wood. Holzforschung 52 [6]: 615-622
  • Trendelenburg R., Mayer-Wegelin H. [1955]: Das Holz als Rohstoff. Carl Hauster Verlag, München, Germany
  • Tu D., Su X., Zhang T., Fan W., Zhou Q. [2014]: Thermo-mechanical densification of Populus tomentosa var. tomentosa with low moisture content. BioResources 9 [3]: 3846-3856
  • Ülker O., İmirzi Ö., Burdurlu E. [2012]: The effect of densification temperature on some physical and mechanical properties of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.). BioResources 7 [4]: 5581-5592
  • Wagenführ R. [2007]: Holzatlas, Fachbuchverlag Leipzig im Carl Hanser Verlag, München, Germany
  • Zhan J.-F., Avramidis S. [2016]: Needle fir wood modified by surface densification and thermal post-treatment: Hygroscopicity and swelling behavior. European Journal of Wood and Wood Products 74 [1]: 49-56
  • List of standards
  • EN 1534:2010 Wood flooring. Determination of resistance to indentation, European Committee for Standardization, Brussels, Belgium
  • ISO 13061-1:2014 Physical and mechanical properties of wood – Test methods for small clear wood specimens – Part 1: Determination of moisture content for physical and mechanical tests. International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2020).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-fe6647f2-1e6b-463f-9056-64df94a51ff8
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