Impact of the Presence of Foreign Bodies on Quality and Value of Oak Timber

• Autorzy: Michalec Krzysztof , Wąsik Radosław , Gach Monika

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.12841/wood.1644-3985.438.05

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The paper discusses the impact of the presence of foreign bodies on the quality and value of oak timber as raw material. During the study, 109 oak bolts and logs with a total volume of 142.52 m³ were measured and classified. The material for the study came from the Suchowice Forest District, within the Henryków Forestry Inspectorate (in the south-western part of Poland), and it was sampled from a tree stand located on the edge of the forest, where the largest concentration of rifle and artillery fire had occurred during World War II. As a result, the tree trunks contain significant amounts of shrapnel and projectiles. The length and diameter of each bolt and log were measured, and double classification was conducted: the first (I) classification took into account the presence of foreign bodies, whereas in the second (II) classification the presence of foreign bodies was disregarded. As a result of the conducted analyses, it was found that due to the presence of foreign bodies, all of the examined oak raw material was categorised as the worst quality class (D) timber. However, it was noted that during the second classification, where the presence of foreign bodies was not taken into account, a significant part of the raw material was upgraded to better quality classes, and only about 16% of wood remained in the worst, D class. Subsequently, it was calculated that the difference in the total value of the oak timber raw material classified by two methods amounted to approx. 204 thousand PLN (ca. € 43,514) - which was about 35% higher than the value calculated by the first method of classification.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

wood classification; mechanical damage to wood; wood defects; metal fragments; projectiles

• Wydawca: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Poznański Instytut Technologiczny
• Czasopismo: Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty
• Rocznik: 2023
• Tom: Vol. 66, nr 211
• Strony: Art. no. 1644--3985.438.05
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 28 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Michalec Krzysztof

• Department of Forest Utilization, Engineering and Forest Techniques, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9989-0688

autor

Wąsik Radosław

• Department of Forest Utilization, Engineering and Forest Techniques, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2725-0395

autor

Gach Monika

• Department of Forest Utilization, Engineering and Forest Techniques, University of Agriculture in Krakow, Krakow, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3824

Bibliografia

• Barszcz P., Jamrozy G. [2001]: Deprecjacja drewna jodeł i jesionów spałowanych przez jelenie w lasach Beskidu Sądeckiego. (Depreciation of fir and ash wood tapped by red deer in Beskid Sądecki forests). Sylwan 145 [12]: 47-57
• Czuraj M. [2000]: Tablice miąższości drewna okrągłego. (Thickness tables of round wood). Multico, Warszawa
• Dardziński A. [2012]: Chodniki owadzie i ciała obce. (Insect galleries and foreign bodies). Las Polski 3: 26-27
• Dumitrascu A. E., Ciobanu V. D., Lepadatescu B. [2013]: Valorization of wood resources for the cutting of decorative veneer in the context of sustainable development of Romanian forests. BioResources 8 [3]: 4298-4311
• Gejdoš M., Suchomel J., Danihelová Z. [2021]: Analysis of qualitative features of beech and oak trunks as a determinant of the quality assessment. Forests 12: 15. https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12010015
• Giefing D. F., Karaszewski Z., Szakiel M., Bembenek M., Mederski P. S., Gierszewska M. [2014]: Influence of wood defects in oak on grading. For. Lett. 107: 10-15
• Kamiński K. [2013]: Drzewa z bliznami. (Trees with scars). Echa Leśne 4 [614]: 36-37
• Karaszewski Z., Bembenek M., Mederski P. S., Szczepańska-Alvarez A., Byczkowski R., Kozłowska A., Michnowicz K., Przytuła W., Giefing D. F. [2013a]: Identifying beech round wood quality - distributions and the influence of defects on grading. Drewno. Pr. Nauk. Donies. Komunik. 56 [189]: 39-54. DOI: 10.12841/wood.1644-3985.041.03
• Karaszewski Z., Bembenek M., Mederski P. S., Szczepańska-Alvarez A., Giefing D. F., Węgiel A. [2013b]: Linear relations between defect frequency and volume of beech logs. Ann. WULS - SGGW, For. And Wood Technol. 83: 32-36
• Kimbar R. [2011]: Wady drewna (Wood defects). Osie
• Kot S. M., Jakubowski J., Sokołowski A. [2007]: Statystyka. (Statistics). Difin. Warszawa
• Krzysik F. [1974]: Nauka o drewnie. (Wood science). PWN, Warszawa
• Kubiak M., Laurow Z. [1994]: Surowiec drzewny. (Wood raw material). Fundacja „Rozwój SGGW”, Warszawa
• Michalec K., Wąsik R., Barszcz A. [2011]: The effect of mechanical damage to the stems of standing spruce trees on the quality and value of their timber. Proceedings of the Technology and Ergonomics in the Service of Modern Forestry, 26-29 June 2011, Kraków-Krynica. Wyd. UR, Kraków, monograph: 503-513
• Michalec K., Wąsik R., Gruchała K. [2015]: Obecność martwic na pniach drzew stojących a jakość i wartość surowca dębowego. (Necroses occurring on trunks of standing trees against the quality and the value of oak timber). Sylwan 159 [9]: 740−746. DOI: 10.26202/sylwan.2015017
• Morosanu C., Dumitrascu A. E., Ciobanu V. [2011]: The influence of oak raw timber defects on decorative veneer cutting. Bulletin of the Transilvania University of Brasov. Series II: Forestry. Wood Industry. Agricultural Food Engineering: 65-70
• Musat E. C., Salca E. A., Ciobanu V. D., Dumitrascu A. E. [2017]: The influence of log defects on the cutting yield of oak veneer. BioResources 12 [4]: 7917-7930.
• Riesco Muñoz G., Remacha Gete A., Gasalla Regueiro M. [2013]: Variation in log quality and prediction of sawing yield in oak wood (Quercus robur). Annals of Forest Science 70: 695-706
• Santos J. A., Carvalho J. P., Santos J. [2012]: Oak wood. In: Chuteira C. A., Grão A. B. (ed.), Oak: Ecology, Types and Management. Nova Science Publishers, New York: 119-150
• Sewastynowicz Ł. [2014]: Ile kosztuje nas II wojna światowa? (How much is World War II costing us?) Głos Lasu 10: 24-25
• Steyrer G. [1992]: Ausmaß und Bewertung von Stammfäule in einem Fichtenforstbetrieb. Centralblatt für das Gesamte Forstwesen 109 (4): 221-249
• Szaban J. [2010]: Spałowanie świerka pospolitego (Picea abies [L.] Karst.) przez jeleniowate a deprecjacja surowca drzewnego w drzewostanach młodszych klas wieku. (Bark stripping of spruce [Picea abies [L.] Karst.] by deer species and wood depreciation In stands of younger age classes). Rozprawy Naukowe 414. Wyd. UP, Poznań
• Szramka H., Bieniaszewski T., Auguścik Ł., Bobek J., Adamowicz K. [2017]: Wpływ wad drewna wielkowymiarowego na przychody z jego sprzedaży. (Effect of defects on income from the sales of large dimension timber). Sylwan 161 [3]: 238−246
• Zarządzenie Nr 34/2022 Nadleśniczego Nadleśnictwa Henryków z dnia 05.08.2022 w sprawie zmiany Zarządzenia nr 4/2022 Nadleśniczego Nadleśnictwa Henryków z dnia 25.01.2022 r. /z późn. zm./ w sprawie wprowadzenia cennika detalicznego na sprzedaż drewna w 2022 roku (Ordinance No. 34/2022 of the Henryków Forestry Inspectorate of August 5, 2022 on amending Ordinance No. 4/2022 of the Henryków Forestry Inspectorate of January 25, 2022 /as amended/ on the introduction of a retail price list for the sale of wood in 2022
• List of standards
• EN 1316-1:2012. Hardwood round timber – Qualitative classification – Part 1: Oak and beech. CEN, Brussels
• Warunki techniczne. 2019a. Wady drewna. Załącznik nr 3 do Zarządzenia nr 51 DGLP z dnia 30 września 2019 r. [Technical conditions. 2019a. Wood defects. Appendix No. 3 to Regulation No. 51 GDSF of the General Directorate of State Forests, of 30 September 2019]
• Warunki techniczne. 2019b. Drewno wielkowymiarowe liściaste. Załącznik nr 6 do Zarządzenia nr 51 DGLP z dnia 30 września 2019 r. [Technical conditions. 2019b. Large-sized deciduous timber. Appendix No. 6 to Regulation No. 51 of the General Directorate of State Forests, of 30 September 2019]
• Warunki techniczne. 2019c. Zasady przygotowania do pomiaru, pomiar, obliczanie miąższości i cechowanie surowca drzewnego. Załącznik nr 2 do Zarządzenia nr 51 DGLP z dnia 30 września 2019 r. [Technical conditions. 2019c. Principles of preparation for measurement, measurement, determination of volume and marking of wood raw material. Appendix No. 6 to Regulation No. 51 of the General Directorate of State Forests, of 30 September 2019)