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A unique World War II battlefield artifact fused to a beach deposit

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Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Intensive military operations took place in the southern Baltic Sea during World War II (WWII). It was also a dumping ground for munitions after the war. During storms, military artifacts are washed onto the coast. The Kołobrzeg beach is a place known for such findings. In Kołobrzeg, one of the most recognizable WWII battles between Polish-Soviet and German troops took place. Here, we report on a unique specimen found on the Kołobrzeg beach in 1996. It consists of three fused components, including conglomeratic sandstone, limestone pebble and a fragment of a worn brass gun bullet casing. Heat markings in the form of a dark halo close to the bullet fragment and black efflorescence on the surface of quartz grains suggest that the fusion was caused by heat during the explosion of gunpowder inside the bullet casing. This process led to the formation of a rock-like material resembling a well-cemented conglomerate.
Słowa kluczowe
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Strony
52--57
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 25 poz., rys., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
  • Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka St., 25-406 Kielce, Poland
  • Institute of Chemistry, Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce, 7 Uniwersytecka St., 25-406 Kielce, Poland
Bibliografia
  • Baxter, I. (2025). The east Pomeranian offensive, 1945: Destruction of German forces in Pomerania and West Prussia. Casemate Publishers. ISBN 978-1-63624-388- 387 .
  • Benvenuto, M. A. (2016). Metals and alloys: industrial applications. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG.
  • Davies, A. C. (1993). The science and practice of welding (Vol. 1). Cambridge University Press. ISBN: 9780521435659.
  • Emery, K. O., Tracey, J. I. J., & Ladd, H. S. A. (1954). Geology of Bikini and nearby atolls. U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 260(260A), 265. https://doi. org/10.3133/pp260A
  • Fernandino, G., Elliff, C. I., Francischini, H., & Dentzien-Dias, P. (2020). Anthropoquinas: First description of plastics and other man-made materials in recently formed coastal sedimentary rocks in the southern hemisphere. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 154, 111044. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111044
  • Gashi, B., Edwards, M. R., Sermon, P. A., Courtney, L., Harrison, D., & Xu, Y. (2010). Measurement of 9 mm cartridge case external temperatures and its forensic application. Forensic Science International, 200(1–3), 21–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2010.03.018
  • Gestoso, I., Cacabelos, E., Ramalhosa, P., & Canning-Clode, J. (2019). Plasticrusts: A new potential threat in the Anthropocene’s rocky shores. Science of the Total Environment, 687, 413–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. scitotenv.2019.06.123
  • Kim, I. L. (2000). Battlefield flame/thermal threats or hazards and thermal performance criteria. Natick Technical Report/ TR-00/015L. US Army Soldier and Biological Chemical Command, Soldier Systems Center, Natick, MA
  • Kobalczyk, P. (2011). Sappers will examine the beach in Kołobrzeg on Monday (in Polish). Rzeczpospolita. https://www.rp.pl/sluzby/art14657051-saperzy-w-poniedzialek-zbadaja-plaze-w-kolobrzegu
  • Łabuz, T. A. (2015). Environmental impacts—coastal erosion and coastline changes. In The BACC II Author Team (Ed.), Second assessment of climate change for the Baltic Sea Basin. Regional climate studies (pp. 381–396). Springer.
  • Łabuz, T. A. (2021). Litter sources on the Polish Baltic shore– effect of increased anthropogenic pollution. Studia Quaternaria, 38(2), 85–100. https://doi.org/10.24425/ sq.2021.136825
  • Martewicz, J., Kalińska, E., & Weckwerth, P. (2022). What hides in the beach sand? A multiproxy approach and new textural code to recognition of beach evolution on the southern and eastern Baltic Sea coast. Sedimentary Geology, 435, 106154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. sedgeo.2022.106154
  • Mikulski, S. Z., Kramarska, R., & Zieliński, G. (2016). Rare earth elements pilot studies of the Baltic marine sands enriched in heavy minerals. Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi, 32(4), 5–27. https://doi.org/10.1515/ gospo-2016-0036
  • Molski, B. A., & Pająk, J. (1985). Explosive remnants of World War II in Poland. In A. H. Westing (Ed.), Explosive remnants of war: Mitigating the environmental effects (pp. 17–32). Taylor & Francis. ISBN 0-85066-303-302.
  • Petrie, C. V., Meieran, E. S., Rolph, J. E., & Cork, D. L. (Eds.). (2008). Ballistic imaging. National Academies Press.
  • Santos, F. A., Rebelo, G., Ferreira, C., Fernandino, G., Giannini, P., Angulo, R., Souza, M., Ferreira, M., & Oliveira, A. (2022). Plastic debris forms: Rock analogues emerging from marine pollution. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 182, 114031. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. marpolbul.2022.114031
  • Seul, C., Bednarek, R., Kozłowski, T., & Maciąg, Ł. (2020). Beach gravels as a potential lithostatistical indicator of marine coastal dynamics: The Pogorzelica–Dziwnów (Western Pomerania, Baltic Sea, Poland) case study. Geosciences, 10(9), 367. https://doi.org/10.3390/ geosciences10090367
  • Szarejko, A., & Namieśnik, J. (2009). The Baltic Sea as a dumping site of chemical munitions and chemical warfare agents. Chemical Ecology, 25(1), 13–26. https://doi.org/10.1080/02757540802657177
  • Turner, A., Wallerstein, C., Arnold, R., & Webb, D. (2019). Marine pollution from pyroplastics. Science of the Total Environment, 694, 133610. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. scitotenv.2019.133610
  • Uścinowicz, S. (1999). Southern Baltic area during the last deglaciation. Kwartalnik Geologiczny, 43(2), 137–148 .
  • Vousdoukas, M. I., Velegrakis, A. F., & Plomaritis, T. A. (2007). Beachrock occurrence, characteristics, formation mechanisms and impacts. Earth-Science Reviews, 85(1–2), 23–46. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2007.07.00 2
  • Wallace, J. S. (2018). Chemical analysis of firearms, ammunition, and gunshot residue (2nd ed.). CRC Press. https://doi. org/10.4324/9781315153254 .
  • Wang, L., & Hou, D. (2023). Plastistone: An emerging type of sedimentary rock. Earth-Science Reviews, 247, 104620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.earscirev.2023.10462 0
  • Wolski, T., & Wiśniewski, B. (2012). Changes of maximum sea levels at selected gauge stations on the Polish and Swedish Baltic coast. Studia i Prace WNEiZ, 29, 209–227.
  • Zdziech, M. (2009). Kołobrzeska epopea’45. Wiedza Obronna (Knowledge of Defence), 1, 96–110. (in Polish).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-fd24daf2-65ed-4939-90b6-77658bb7a476
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