Workplace hazards and safety practices in the small-scale industries

ElSharkawy, Mahmoud Fathy

doi:10.30657/pea.2024.30.23

Artykuł - szczegóły

Tytuł artykułu

Workplace hazards and safety practices in the small-scale industries

Autorzy

ElSharkawy Mahmoud Fathy

Treść / Zawartość

Pełne teksty:

Pobierz

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.30657/pea.2024.30.23

Warianty tytułu

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

The small-scale industries are considered a major sector of economic investment in the world. Small-scale industries typically suffer from problems such as poor management systems, poor safety training, difficulties in complying with legislation, and absence of safety performance. This study aimed to measure the levels of heat stress and noise and assess the safety performance in small-scale industries. Twenty industrial workshops were selected representing four different types of small-scale industries (foundries, automotive repair, metal processing, and aluminium processing) in Alexandria, Egypt. In-side each selected workshop, both levels of heat stress and noise were measured by calibrated instru-ments. A pre-designed checklist evaluated the adequacy of the safety performance. Noise levels ranged between 86.4 ± 2.0 and 89.7 ± 2.7 dB exceeding the recommended value (85 dB). In the most studied workshops, the levels of heat stress were relatively high, especially in the foundries. Besides, the safety practices at all these workshops were poor or very poor. The most obvious safety problems included poor housekeeping, lack of PPEs, inadequate illumination, absence of emergency exits, and insufficient fire extinguishers. The results emphasize the responsibility of the local authorities to give more atten-tion and interest to this type of industry.

Słowa kluczowe

Small-scale industries occupational noise heat stress safety performance Threshold Limit Values

przemysł na małą skalę hałas stres cieplny wydajność bezpieczeństwa wartości progowe

Wydawca

Oficyna Wydawnicza Stowarzyszenia Menedżerów Jakości i Produkcji

Czasopismo

Production Engineering Archives

Rocznik

2024

Tom

Vol. 30, Iss. 2

Strony

241--250

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 51 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

ElSharkawy Mahmoud Fathy

msharkawy@iau.edu.sa

Department of Environmental Health, College of Public Health, Imam Abdul Rahman bin Faisal University, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6143-8618

Bibliografia

1. Ahmad, I., Balkhyour, M.A., 2020. Occupational exposure and respiratory health of workers at small scale industries. Saudi journal of biological sciences, 27, 985–990. DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.01.019.
2. Ahmad, I., Balkhyour, M.A., Abokhashabah, T.M., Ismail, I.M., Rehan, M., 2017. Workplace safety and health conditions and facilities in small industries in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Safety Studies, 3, 37-52. DOI: 10.5296/jss.v3i1.11104.
3. Ahmad, I., Rehan, M., Balkhyour, M., Abbas, M., Basahi, J., Almeelbi, T., Ismail, IM., 2016. Review of environmental pollution and health risks at motor vehicle repair workshops challenges and perspectives for Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research, 2, 1-23. Corpus ID: 29135523.
4. Ali, N., Ismail, I.M.I., Eqani, S.A.M.A.S. Malarvannan, G., Kadi, M.W., Rehan, M., Covaci, A., 2016. Brominated and organophosphate flame retardants in indoor dust of Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: implications for human exposure. Science of the Total Environment, 569, 269-277. DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.093.
5. American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), 2009. Threshold limit values for chemical substances and physical agents & biological exposure indices. USA, Cincinnati, ACGIH.
6. Arezes, P.M., Bernardo, C.A, Mateus, O.A., 2012. Measurement strategies for occupational noise exposure assessment: A comparison study in different industrial environments. Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 42, 172–177. DOI: 10.1016/j.ergon.2011.10.005.
7. Arnold, S.M., Wickrematilake, M.S.K., Fernando, R.M.S.D., Sampath, H.M.R.C., Karunapema, R.P.P., Mahesh, P.K.B., Munasinghe, P.M., Denawaka, C.J., 2019. Occupational hazards in medium and large scale industrial sectors in Sri Lanka: experience of a developing country. BMC research notes, 12, 755. DOI: 10.1186/s13104-019-4790-2.
8. Aybek, A., Kamer, H.A., Arslan, S., 2010. Personal noise exposures of oper-ators of agricultural tractors. Applied Ergonomics, 41, 274-281. DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2009.07.006.
9. Balkhyour, M.A., Ahmad, I., Rehan, M., 2019. Assessment of personal pro-tective equipment use and occupational exposures in small industries in Jeddah: Health implications for workers. Saudi journal of biological sci-ences, 26, 653-659. DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.06.011.
10. Beshah, B., Kitaw, D., Gelan, M., 2013. Workstation Design in an Ethiopian Small-Scale Leather Garment Industry. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 75, 434-442. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.04.047.
11. Bharwana, S.A., Ali, S., Farid, M., Hannan, F., Ahmad, R., Tauqeer, H.M., Baloch, I.H, Iqbal, M., 2015. Work related injuries in small scale metal press industries of Shahdrah town, Lahore, Pakistan. The Holistic Approach to Environment, 5(1), 3-11. URI: https://hrcak.srce.hr/136000
12. Brosseau, L.M., Bejan, A., Parker, D.L., Skan, M., Xi, M., 2014. Workplace safety and health programs, practices, and conditions in auto collision repair businesses. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene, 11, 354-365. DOI: 10.1080/15459624.2013.866714.
13. Chelladurai, C., Mohan, N.S., Hariharashayee, D., Manikandan, S., Sivape-rumal, P., 2020. Analyzing the casting defects in small scale casting industry. Materials Today: Proceedings, 37. DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr. 2020.05.382.
14. Dida, N., Darega, J., Lemesa, F., Kassim, J., Woldemichael, B., 2019. Occu-pational injury and its correlated factors among small scale industry workers in towns of Bale zone, southeast Ethiopia. Journal of Environ mental and Public Health, 4987974, 1-8. DOI: 10.1155/2019/4987974.
15. Eguvbe, A.O., Akpede, N., Egbagba, J.E., 2017. Occupational Health Hazards in Small and Medium-scale Manufacturing Industries in Anambra State, South East, Nigeria. World journal of preventive medicine, 5(1), 26-32. DOI: 10.12691/jpm-5-1-4.
16. Fernandez, M.D., Quintana, S., Chavarria, N., Ballesteros, J.A., 2009. Noise exposure of workers of the construction sector. Applied Acoustics, 70:753–760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apacoust.2008.07.014.
17. Hasle, P., Kines, P., Andersen, L.P., 2009. Small enterprise owners’ accident causation attribution and prevention. Safety science, 47(1), 9-19. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2007.12.005.
18. Hasle, P., Kvorning, L.V., Rasmussen, C.D., Smith, L.H., Flyvholm, M.A., 2012. A model for design of tailored working environment intervention programs for small workshops. Safety and Health at Work, 3, 181-191. DOI: 10.5491/SHAW.2012.3.3.181.
19. Hasle, P., Limborg, H.J., Kallehave, T., Klitgaard, C., Andersen, T.R., 2012. The working environment in small firms: responses from owner-manag-ers. International Small Business Journal, 30, 622–639. DOI: 10.1177/0266242610391323.
20. Jelinic, J.D., Mustajbegovic, J., Zuðkin, E., Lukic, J., Cavar, V., Ivankovic, A., 2005. Managing occupational safety and health in aluminum production: Case study of aluminium production factory, Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Croatian Medical Journal, 46(5), 838-847. PMID: 16158481.
21. Kamal, A., Cincinelli, A., Martellini, T., Palchetti, I., Bettazzi, F., Malik, R.N., 2016. Health and carcinogenic risk evaluation for cohorts exposed to PAHs in petrochemical workplaces in Rawalpindi city (Pakistan). International Journal of Health Research, 26, 37-57. DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2015.1007843.
22. Kifle, M., Alemu, E.K., Sharma, H.R., Amsalu, S., Feleke, A., Worku, W. 2014. Work related injuries and associated risk factors among iron and steel industries workers in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Safety science, 63, 211-216. DOI: 10.1016/j.ssci.2013.11.020.
23. Kuntaric, A., Schwarz, E.J., Robert, J., Breitenecker, R.J, Wdowiak, M.A., 2012. The effects of social capital on the performance of newly founded businesses in Slovenia. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 15(1), 100-115. DOI: 10.1504/IJESB.2012.044591.
24. Kuo, S.C., Hsieh, L.Y., Tsai, C.H., Tsai, Y.I., 2007. Characterization of PM2.5 fugitive metal in the workplaces and the surrounding environment of a secondary aluminium smelter. Atmospheric Environment, 4, :6884-6900. DOI: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.04.038.
25. López-Botero, C., Ovalle-Castiblanco, A.M., 2016. Degree of implementa-tion of occupational Safety and health management systems (OSHMS), in the metalworking industries of the south-central region of Caldas - Colombia. Ingeniería y Competitividad, 18(1), 91-101. DOI: 10.25100/iyc.v18i1.2180.
26. Luka, M. F., Akun, E., 2018. Noise exposure and induced hearing loss to workers in small and large scale industries. International Journal of Engineering and Technology, 7(4.5), 571-575. DOI: 10.14419/ijet.v7i4. 5.21159.
27. Mârtiòsone, I., Baíe, M-A., Martinsone, Z., Eglîte, M., 2010. Possible hazards of work environment in metal processing industry in Latvia. Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences, 64(1/2), 61-65. DOI: 10.2478/v10046-010-0018-5.
28. Mirer, F.E., Stellman, J.M., 2008. Occupational safety and health protections. International Encyclopedia of Public Health, 658-668. DOI: 10.1016/B978-012373960-5.00287-2.
29. National Occupational Health and Safety Commission, 1989. Foundry health hazards. Australia, Canberra, Australian Government Publishing Service.
30. Nejea, C., Balappa, B.U., 2017. Design and development of multi-profile sheet forming machine for small scale industries. Materials Today: Proceedings, 4, 11210-11217. DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2017.09.042.
31. National Institute for Occupational Safety & Health (NIOSH)., 2008. Criteria for a recommended standard - occupational noise exposure. USA, Cincinnati, Ohio, NIOSH publication No. 98–126.
32. Nirmalkannan, J., Parthiban, R., Antojenith, J., 2015. Applications of artificial intelligence in safe human-robot interactions. International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, 4 (2), 56-60. DOI: 10.1109/TSMCB.2010.2058103.
33. Noweir, M.H., Zytoon, M.A., 2013. Occupational exposure to noise and hearing thresholds among civilian aircraft maintenance workers. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 43, 495-502. DOI: 10.1016/j.er-gon.2013.04.001.
34. Occupational Safety & Health Administration (OSHA), 2012. Heat stress. USA, Minnesota Department of Labor and Industry, Occupational Safety and Health Division.
35. Office of Compliance and Pollution Prevention (OCAPP), 2007. Environ-mental Compliance Guide for Auto Repair Shops. USA, Ohio, US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
36. Ribeiro, M.G., Filho, W.R.P., 2006. Risk assessment of chemicals in found-ries: The International Chemical Toolkit pilot-project. Journal of hazardous materials, A136(3), 432–437. DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.01.019.
37. Sharifian, S.A., Loukzadeh, Z., Shojaoddiny-Ardekani, A., Aminian, O., 2011. Pulmonary adverse effects of welding fume in automobile assembly welders. Acta Medica Iranica, 48(2), 98-102. PMID: 21598218.
38. Soundattikar, S.A., Naik, V.R., Adake, C.V., 2000. Design and development of intelligent handling system for components in small and medium scale industries. Materials Today: Proceedings, 27, 87-95. DOI: 10.1016/j.matpr.2019.08.248.
39. Taha, A.Z., 2000. Knowledge and practice of preventive measures in small industries in Al-Khobar Saudi Medical Journal, 21, 740-745. PMID: 11423886.
40. Torres, O., 2011. The silent and shameful suffering of bosses: layoffs in SME. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 13(2), 181-192. DOI: 10.1504/IJESB.2011.040759.
41. Unnikrishnan, S., Iqbal, R., Singh, A., Nimkar, I.M., 2015. Safety Management Practices in Small and Medium Enterprises in India. Safety and Health at Work, 6, 46-55. DOI: 10.1016/j.shaw.2014.10.006.
42. Wenner, M.D., Wrightm N., Lal, A., 2006. Environmental protection and mi-croenterprise development in the developing world. Journal of Microfinance, 6(1), 95-122.
43. World Health Organization/International Labor Office (WHO/ILO), 2001. Occupational health and safety in Africa. Meeting report, WHO/ILO Joint Effort Taskforce, Geneva, Switzerland.
44. Xiang, J., Bi, P., Pisaniello, D., Hansen, A., Sullivan, T., 2013. Association between high temperature and work-related injuries in Adelaide, South Australia, 2001–2010. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 71, 246-252. DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2013-101584.assembly welders. Acta Medica Iranica, 48(2), 98-102. Retrieved from: http://acta.tums.ac.ir/index.php/acta
45. Soundattikar, S.A., Naik, V.R., Adake, C.V., 2000. Design and development of intelligent handling system for components in small and medium scale industries. Materials Today: Proceedings, 27, 87-95.
46. Taha, A.Z., 2000. Knowledge and practice of preventive measures in small industries in Al-Khobar Saudi Medical Journal, 21, 740-745.
47. Torres, O., 2011. The silent and shameful suffering of bosses: layoffs in SME. International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Small Business, 13(2), 181–192.
48. Unnikrishnan, S., Iqbal, R., Singh, A., Nimkar, I.M., 2015. Safety Manage-ment Practices in Small and Medium Enterprises in India. Safety and Health at Work, 6, 46-55.
49. Wenner, M.D., Wrightm N., Lal, A., 2006. Environmental protection and microenterprise development in the developing world. Journal of Micro finance, 6(1), 95-122.
50. World Health Organization/International Labor Office (WHO/ILO). Occupational health and safety in Africa. Meeting report, WHO/ILO Joint Effort Taskforce, Geneva, Switzerland, 2001.
51. Xiang, J., Bi, P., Pisaniello, D., Hansen, A., Sullivan, T., 2013. Association between high temperature and work-related injuries in Adelaide, South Australia, 2001–2010. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 71, 246–252.

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2024).

Typ dokumentu

Bibliografia

Identyfikator YADDA

bwmeta1.element.baztech-fb57bc8d-97e3-48b1-9830-7bb0a358d8ca