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A popularity café in Baghdad city was chosen to measure the dispersion of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and carbon monoxide (CO) as examples of the Indoor Air Pollutants (IAPs) which are considered a significant environmental problem. The aims of this research were, firstly, to measure the variation of NO2 and CO concentrations; secondly, to examine the effect of the seasonal variation of indoor temperature (°C) and relative humidity (%) on the dispersion of both NO2 and CO and finally to compare the results with those of the global standards. The volume of café was about 360 m3 and the number of smokers was about 25-35 smoker/day. This work was divided into two parts where the first part includes the experimental work which comprised the measurement of NO2 and CO by GIGs devices. It was lasted about five months commencing from November 2017 to March 2018 and the readings were taken during two intervals at partial time and during peak time. The second part includes the analysis of obtained results and compared the results of those of the global standards for the Indoor Air Quality suggested by WHO, EPA, and European criteria in order to achieve the goals of this work. The results from this research have highlighted a clear increase in the concentrations of NO2 and CO along with the growing numbers of smokers. Furthermore, the concentrations of NO2 and CO were close to some global standard values of short-term exposure at peak time.
Słowa kluczowe
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Rocznik
Tom
Strony
256--261
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 18 poz., rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- Civil Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
autor
- Civil Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
autor
- Civil Engineering Department, University of Technology, Baghdad, Iraq
Bibliografia
- 1. Burroughs, H.E., & Hansen, S.J. 2011. Managing Indoor Air Quality (5th ed.): Taylor & Francis Ltd.
- 2. Coggins, M.A., Semple, S., & Hurley, F. 2013. Indoor Air Pollution and Health, STRIVE Report In (2008-EH-MS-8-S3) (Ed.), (pp. 49). EPA department, Wexford, Ireland
- 3. Commission, E. 2010. Standards Air Quality Environment
- 4. Daisey, J.M., Angell, W.J., & Apte, M.G. 2003. Indoor air quality, ventilation and health symptoms in schools: an analysis of existing information. Indoor Air Quality, 13, 53-64.
- 5. Dennekamp, M., Akram, M., Abramson, M.J., Tonkin, A., Sim, M.R., Fridman, M., & Erbas, B. 2010. Outdoor air pollution as a trigger for out-of-hospital cardiac arrests. Epidemiology, 21(4), 494-500.
- 6. EPA. 2017a. Carbon Monoxide’s Impact on Indoor Air Quality, Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), US, EPA (pp. 6).
- 7. EPA. 2017b. Introduction to Indoor Air Quality Indoor Air Quality (IAQ), Primary Causes of Indoor Air Problems (pp. 2). USA.
- 8. EPA. 2017c. Nitrogen Dioxide’s Impact on Indoor Air Quality. US, EPA.
- 9. Europe, W.R.O.F. 2000. Air Quality Guidelines. In C. 6.6 (Ed.), Hydrogen sulfide (Second Edition ed.). Copenhagen, Denmark
- 10. Fang, L., Clausen, G., & Fanger, P.O. 1998. Impact of Temperature and Humidity on the Perception of Indoor Air Quality. Indoor Air Quality, 8, 80-90.
- 11. Hirt, C.W., & Cook, J.L. 1972. Calculating ThreeDimensional Flows around Structures and over Rough Terrain. Journal of Computational Physics, 10, 324-340.
- 12. Klepeis, N., Ott, W.R., & Switzer, P. 1996. A Multiple-Smoker Model for Predicting Indoor Air Quality in Public Lounges. Environmental Sciences and Technology, 30, 2813-2820.
- 13. Nadadur, S.S., & Hollingsworth, J.W. 2015. Air Pollution and Health Effects. Springer-Verlag London.
- 14. Naeher, L.P., Brauer, M., Lipsett, M., Zelikoff, J.T., Simpson, C.D., Koenig, J.Q., & Smith, K.R. (2007). Woodsmoke health effects: a review. Inhalation toxicology, 19(1), 67-106.
- 15. Saha, D., Kamyotra, S.J., & Khare, M. 2014. Indoor Air Pollution, Monitoring Guidelines (pp. 19). INDIA Central Pollution Control Board, Ministry Of Environment & Forests, Govt. Of India, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi 110 032.
- 16. Spengler, J.D., McCarthy, J.F., & Samet, J.M. 2001. Indoor Air Quality Handbook: McGrawHill, New York.
- 17. Wainman, T.J., W.C., Lioy, P.J., & Zhang, J. 2001. Effects of Surface Type and Relative Humidity on the Production and Concentration of Nitrous Acid in a Model Indoor Environment. Environmental Science & Technology, 35(11), 2200-2206.
- 18. WHO 2005. WHO Air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide. In: WHO/SDE/PHE/OEH/06.02 (Ed.), Global update 2005 (pp. 22).
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2019).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
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