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Analyses of LPG dispersion during its accidental release in enclosed car parks

Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
PL
Analiza rozprzestrzeniania się LPG w przypadku uwolnienia awaryjnego w garażu zamkniętym
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Despite the fact that LPG (Liquefied Petroleum Gas) is used in a large number of cars, tests have not yet been carried out to ascertain how hazardous can be the release of LPG from the car when parked in enclosed garages. The problem applies to both public and industrial parking areas, especially in Poland, where more than 10% cars are fueled by LPG. The paper describes full scale experiments, which demonstrate conditions that may occur in a garage in the event of accidental LPG release from the car installation. Over the course of the tests, a series of six LPG spillage tests were performed to study emission time and flammable cloud formation depending on the accidental gap diameter. Additionally, to enable the visual observation of the gas dispersion and influence of the ventilation system the experiment was conducted using well visible CO2 gas cloud, produced from dry ice. The experiments have shown that without ventilation LPG can accumulate on the floor of the enclosed garage for a long time, which generates a high explosive hazard. However, good ventilation (especially jet fan systems) can quickly remove hazardous flammable LPG clouds. Moreover, very important for effective LPG detection is the location of detectors closer to the floor than is currently recommended - at a height of 30 cm.
Słowa kluczowe
Rocznik
Strony
249--261
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 14 poz., wykr., fot., rys.
Twórcy
  • Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wólczańska 213, 90-924 Łódź, Poland, phone +48 42 631 37 00, fax +48 42 636 81 33
  • Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wólczańska 213, 90-924 Łódź, Poland, phone +48 42 631 37 00, fax +48 42 636 81 33
  • Faculty of Process and Environmental Engineering, Lodz University of Technology, ul. Wólczańska 213, 90-924 Łódź, Poland, phone +48 42 631 37 00, fax +48 42 636 81 33
Bibliografia
  • [1] Karamangil MI. Development of the auto gas and LPG-powered vehicle sector in Turkey: A statistical case study of the sector for Bursa. Energy Policy. 2007;35:640-649. DOI: 10.1016/j.enpol.2006.01.004.
  • [2] Van den Schoor F, Middha P, Van den Bulck E. Risk analysis of LPG (liquefied petroleum gas) vehicles in enclosed car parks, Fire Safety J. 2013;57:58-68. DOI: 10.1016/j.firesaf.2012.10.026.
  • [3] Gerini A, Monnier, G, Bonetto R. Ultra Low Emissions Vehicle Using LPG Engine Fuel. SAE Technical Paper 961079. 1996. DOI: 10.4271/961079.
  • [4] Brzezinska D, Markowski M. Experimental investigation and CFD modelling of the internal car park environment in case of accidental LPG release. Process Safety Environ Protect. 2016. DOI: 10.1016/j.psep.2016.12.001.
  • [5] Rozporządzenie Ministra Infrastruktury w sprawie warunków technicznych, jakim powinny odpowiadać budynki i ich usytuowanie (Regulation of the Minister of Infrastructure on the technical conditions of the buildings and their location). DzU Nr 75, poz. 690 z późn. zm.). http://isap.sejm.gov.pl/DetailsServlet?id=WDU20150001422.
  • [6] Akyuz E, Celikb M. Application of CREAM human reliability model to cargo loading process of LPG tankers. J Loss Prevent Process Industries. 2015;34:39-48. DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2015.01.019.
  • [7] Rajakarunakaran S, Kumar AM, Prabhu VA. Applications of fuzzy faulty tree analysis and expert elicitation for evaluation of risks in LPG refuelling station. J Loss Prevent Process Industries. 2015;33:109-123. DOI: 10.1016/j.jlp.2014.11.016.
  • [8] Brzezińska D, Markowski AM. Experimental evaluation of LPG release and dispersion in the enclosed car parks. Chem Eng Trans. 2016;48:253-258. DOI: 10.3303/CET1648043.
  • [9] Armstrong J, Clare J, Garis L. Propane-Fuelled Vehicles and Multi-Residential Building Storage Risk, Examining the Frequency of Propane-Fuelled Structure and Vehicle Fires. University of The Fraser Valley, Centre for Public Safety & Criminal Justice Research, Canada, January 2013. https://www.ufv.ca/media/assets/criminology/Propane-Fueled-Vehicles.pdf.
  • [10] Liu E, Yue SY, Lee JA. Study on LPG as a Fuel for Vehicles. Research and Library Services Division Legislative Council Secretariat, Hong Kong; 1997. http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr97-98/english/sec/library/967rp05.pdf.
  • [11] Cichowicz R, Sabiniak GH, Wielgosiński G. The influence of a ventilation on the level of carbon dioxide in a classroom at a higher university. Ecol Chem Eng S. 2015;22(1):61-71. DOI: 10.1515/eces-2015-0003.
  • [12] Cichowicz R, Wielgosiński G. Effect of meteorological conditions and building location on CO2 concentration in the university campus. Ecol Chem Eng S. 2015;22(2):189-200. DOI: 10.1515/eces-2015-0010.
  • [13] Betta V, Cascetta F, Musto M, Rotondo G. Fluid dynamic performances of traditional and alternative jet fans in tunnel longitudinal ventilation systems. Tunnelling Underground Space Technol. 2010;25:415-422. DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2010.02.006.
  • [14] Viegas CJ. The use of impulse ventilation for smoke control in underground car parks. Tunnelling Underground Space Technol. 2010;25:42-53. DOI: 10.1016/j.tust.2009.08.003.
Uwagi
PL
Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (zadania 2017).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-f8ebd59d-5638-42f2-8d85-55903a8db92a
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