Readiness of polish SMES for the challenges of industry 4.0/5.0 from the perspective of organizational culture

• Autorzy: Siemiński Marek , Oliński Marian

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.29119/1641-3466.2024.197.27

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Purpose: The research focused on the cultural factors that condition the implementation of Industry 4.0/5.0 solutions. Design/methodology/approach: The research was conducted among those responsible for strategic decision-making in organizations. Data were obtained using the key informant technique. The research subject was small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises based in Poland. The research yielded a total of 171 correctly completed questionnaires. Quantitative methods were used in the research. The research procedure adopted involved conducting a survey and contacting entrepreneurs using the CASI (Computer-Assisted Self-administered Interviewing) technique, with support from the CATI (Computer Assisted Telephone Interview) technique. A tool diagnosing the existing cultural profile, including three dimensions: power distance, level of collectivism and tolerance of uncertainty, was used to conduct the research. Findings: It was shown that from the perspective of implementing Industry 4.0/5.0, organizations are culturally ready for its adoption. The organizations studied are characterized by a relatively small distance to power, and in other dimensions, the features of a creative culture prevail. The way of assessing results, work-life balance, motivational systems, or attachment to formal procedures, are just a few examples of areas requiring further managerial work and a potential source of organizational resistance. The cultural perspectives of implementing Industry 4.0/5.0 are positive. Research limitations/implications: The main limitations are the relatively small research sample (171 enterprises) and the static nature of the research, which only allows the organization to be captured from the perspective of a photograph. Originality/value: The article deepens understanding of the cultural determinants of Industry 4.0/5.0 implementation. The study also showed the main areas in need of support, especially in the areas of work-life balance, attachment to formal procedures and acceptance of existing standards.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Industry 4.0; Industry 5.0; organizational culture; SME; managerial approach

PL

Przemysł 4.0; Przemysł 5.0; kultura organizacyjna; MŚP; podejście menedżerskie

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe. Organizacja i Zarządzanie / Politechnika Śląska
• Rocznik: 2024
• Tom: z. 197
• Strony: 493--513
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 69 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Siemiński Marek

• University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5471-3511

autor

Oliński Marian

• University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1707-0553

Bibliografia

• 1. Abduraimi, P.B., Mustafi, M., Islami, X. (2023). The role of organizational culture on employee engagement. Business: Theory and Practice, Vol. 24, Iss. 1, pp. 109-22. https://doi.org/10.3846/btp.2023.17241
• 2. Adamovic, M. (2022). How does employee cultural background influence the effects of telework on job stress? The roles of power distance, individualism, and beliefs about telework. International Journal of Information Management, Vol. 62, p. 102437, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2021.102437
• 3. Akundi, A., Euresti, D., Luna, S., Ankobiah, W., Lopes, A., Edinbarough, I. (2022). State of Industry 5.0—Analysis and Identification of Current Research Trends. Applied System Innovation, Vol. 5, Iss. 1, p. 27, https://doi.org/10.3390/asi5010027
• 4. Alhosani, H.M.M.G., Ahamat, A., Ismail, N. (2021). Industrial Revolution 4.0 (IR 4.0) Competencies: A Literature Review of Manufacturing Industry. Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, Vol. 24, Iss. 6, pp. 1-17.
• 5. Ali, S., Xie, Y. (2021). The impact of Industry 4.0 on organizational performance: the case of Pakistan’s retail industry. European Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 26, Iss. 2/3, pp. 63-86, https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMS-01-2021-0009
• 6. Bakhtari, A.R., Waris, M.M., Sanin, C., Szczerbicki, E. (2021). Evaluating Industry 4.0 Implementation Challenges Using Interpretive Structural Modeling and Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process. Cybernetics and Systems, Vol. 52, Iss. 5, pp. 350-378, https://doi.org/10.1080/01969722.2020.1871226
• 7. Beugelsdijk, S., Welzel, C. (2018). Dimensions and Dynamics of National Culture: Synthesizing Hofstede With Inglehart. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, Vol. 49, Iss. 10, pp. 1469-505. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022118798505
• 8. Birkel, H.S., Veile, J.W., Müller, J.M., Hartmann, E., Voigt, K.I. (2019). Development of a Risk Framework for Industry 4.0 in the Context of Sustainability for Established Manufacturers. Sustainability, Vol. 11, Iss. 2, p. 384, https://doi.org/10.3390/su11020384
• 9. Borodako, K., Berbeka, J., Rudnicki, M., Łapczyński, M., Kuziak, M., Kapera, K. (2022). Market orientation and technological orientation in business services: The moderating role of organizational culture and human resources on performance. PLoS One, Vol. 17, Iss. 6, p. e0270737, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0270737
• 10. Brewer, G.A. (2006). All measures of performance are subjective: More evidence on US federal agencies. In: G.A. Boyne, K.J. Meier, Jr. O’Toole J. Laurence, R.M. Walker (Eds.), Public Service Performance: Perspectives on Measurement and Management (pp. 35-54). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511488511.003
• 11. Brunetti, F., Matt, D.T., Bonfanti, A., De Longhi, A., Pedrini, G., Orzes, G. (2020). Digital transformation challenges: strategies emerging from a multi-stakeholder approach. The TQM Journal, Vol. 32, Iss. 4, pp. 697-724, https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-12-2019-0309
• 12. Chonsawat, N., Sopadang, A. (2020). Defining SMEs’ 4.0 Readiness Indicators. Applied Sciences, Vol. 10, Iss. 24, p. 8998, https://doi.org/10.3390/app10248998
• 13. Chwiłkowska-Kubala, A., Cyfert, S., Malewska, K., Mierzejewska, K., Szumowski, W. (2023). The impact of resources on digital transformation in energy sector companies. The role of readiness for digital transformation. Technology in Society, Vol. 74, p. 102315, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2023.102315
• 14. Czerska, M. (2016). Metoda oceny zgodności kultury organizacyjnej z wymogami strategii. Prace Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Bankowej w Gdańsku, Vol. 44, pp. 183-96.
• 15. Czvetkó, T., Honti, G., Abonyi, J. (2021). Regional development potentials of Industry 4.0: Open data indicators of the Industry 4.0+ model. PLoS One, Vol. 16, Iss. 4, p. e0250247, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250247
• 16. Domańska, A. (2018). Cooperation between knowledge-based institutions and business: empirical studies and network theories. Forum Scientiae Oeconomia, Vol. 6, Iss. 2, pp. 81-94, https://doi.org/10.23762/FSO_VOL6_NO4_6
• 17. Durana, P., Kral, P., Stehel, V., Lazaroiu, G., Sroka, W. (2019). Quality Culture of Manufacturing Enterprises: A Possible Way to Adaptation to Industry 4.0. Social Sciences, Vol. 8, Iss. 4, p.124, https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci8040124
• 18. Escandon-Barbosa, D., Salas-Paramo, J., Rialp-Criado, J. (2021). Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions as a Moderator of the Relationship between Ambidextrous Learning and Corporate Sustainability in Born Global Firms. Sustainability, Vol. 13, Iss. 13, pp. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.3390/su13137344
• 19. Feng, Y. (2023). Inducement factor of talent agglomeration in the manufacturing industrial sector: A survey on the readiness of Industry 4.0 adoption. Plos one, Vol. 18, Iss. 10, pp. e0263783, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0263783
• 20. Fletcher, G., Griffiths, M. (2020). Digital transformation during a lockdown. International Journal of Information Management, Vol. 55, p. 102185, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.ijinfomgt.2020.102185
• 21. Ghobakhloo, M., Iranmanesh, M., Mubarak, M.F., Mubarik, M., Rejeb, A., Nilashi, M. (2022). Identifying industry 5.0 contributions to sustainable development: A strategy roadmap for delivering sustainability values. Sustainable Production and Consumption, Vol 33, pp. 716-37, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.spc.2022.08.003
• 22. Gölzer, P., Fritzsche, A. (2017). Data-driven operations management: organisational implications of the digital transformation in industrial practice. Production Planning & Control, Vol. 28, Iss. 16, pp. 1332-13343, https://doi.org/10.1080/09537287.2017.1375148
• 23. Gorzen-Mitka, I. (2018). Leading markers of risk culture in organization. European Journal of Sustainable Development, Vol. 7, Iss. 1, pp. 425-425, https://doi.org/10.14207/ ejsd.2018.v7n1p425
• 24. Graham, J.R., Grennan, J., Harvey, C.R., Rajgopal, S. (2022). Corporate Culture: Evidence from the Field. Journal of Financial Economics(JFE). Forthcoming, 27th Annual Conference on Financial Economics and Accounting Paper, Columbia Business School Research Paper, No. 16-49, Duke I&E Research Paper, No. 2016-33, http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2805602
• 25. Hofstede, G. (2021). Culture’s Consequences: Comparing Values, Behaviors, Institutions, and Organizations Across Nations. Behaviour Research and Therapy, Vol. 41, Iss. 7, pp. 447-456, https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022118798505
• 26. Huang, S., Wang, B., Li, X., Zheng, P., Mourtzis, D., Wang, L. (2022). Industry 5.0 and Society 5.0—Comparison, complementation and co-evolution. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, Vol. 64, pp. 424-428, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2022.07.010
• 27. Javaid, M., Haleem, A. (2020). Critical Components of Industry 5.0 Towards a Successful Adoption in the Field of Manufacturing. Journal of Industrial Integration and Management, Vol. 5, Iss. 3, pp. 327-48, https://doi.org/10.1142/S2424862220500141
• 28. Kamble, S.S., Gunasekaran, A., Gawankar, S.A. (2018). Sustainable Industry 4.0 framework: A systematic literature review identifying the current trends and future perspectives. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, Vol. 117, pp. 408-25, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2018.05.009
• 29. Karczewska, A.A. (2021). Relationship between pro-innovative organizational culture and development and profitability of companies. Organizacja i Zarządzanie, Vol. 2, pp. 43-57, https://doi.org/10.29119/1899-6116.2020.54.3
• 30. Khatri, N. (2009). Consequences of Power Distance Orientation in Organisations. Vision, Vol. 13, Iss. 1, pp. 1-9, https://doi.org/10.1177/097226290901300101
• 31. Kmieciak, R., Michna, A. (2018). Knowledge management orientation, innovativeness, and competitive intensity: evidence from Polish SMEs. Knowledge Management Research & Practice, Vol. 16, Iss. 4, pp. 559-72, https://doi.org/10.1080/14778238.2018.1514997
• 32. Koizumi, S. (2019). The Light and Shadow of the Fourth Industrial Revolution. In: S. Lechevalier (Eds.), Innovation Beyond Technology (pp. 63-86). Singapore: Springer, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-9053-1_4
• 33. Koroni, S.K., Xenikou, A., Hantzi, A. (2023). The role of perceived organizational culture in the link between leadership and organizational identification: a multilevel analysis. Psychology: The Journal of the Hellenic Psychological Society, Vol. 28, Iss. 1, pp. 230-52, https://doi.org/10.12681/psy_hps.26167
• 34. Küçükkömürler, S., Özkan, T. (2022). Political interest across cultures: The role of uncertainty avoidance and trust. International Journal of Intercultural Relations, Vol. 91, pp. 88-96, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijintrel.2022.09.004
• 35. Lachvajderová, L., Kádárová, J. (2023). Industry 4.0 Implementation and Industry 5.0 Readiness in Industrial Enterprises. Management and Production Engineering Review, Vol. 13, Iss. 3, pp. 102-9, https://doi.org/10.24425/mper.2022.142387
• 36. Leone, D., Barni, A. (2020). Industry 4.0 on Demand: A Value Driven Methodology to Implement Industry 4.0. In: B. Lalic, V. Majstorovic, U. Marjanovic, G. von Cieminski, D. Romero (Eds.), Advances in Production Management Systems The Path to Digital Transformation and Innovation of Production Management Systems (pp. 99-106). Cham: Springer International Publishing, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57993-7_12
• 37. Lewicka, D., Glińska-Neweś, A. (2018). Siła praktyk personalnych w kreowaniu zaangażowania pracowników. Prace Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu, Vol. 538, pp. 204-15, https://doi.org/10.15611/pn.2018.538.16
• 38. Liao, Y., Deschamps, F., Loures, E. de F.R., Ramos, L.F.P. (2017). Past, present and future of Industry 4.0 - a systematic literature review and research agenda proposal. International
• Journal of Production Research, Vol. 55, Iss. 12, pp. 3609-29, https://doi.org/10.1080/00207543.2017.1308576
• 39. Liebrecht, C., Kandler, M., Lang, M., Schaumann, S., Stricker, N., Wuest, T. et al. (2021). Decision support for the implementation of Industry 4.0 methods: Toolbox, Assessment and Implementation Sequences for Industry 4.0. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, Vol. 58, pp. 412-430, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2020.12.008
• 40. Lingmont, D.N.J., Alexiou, A. (2020). The contingent effect of job automating technology awareness on perceived job insecurity: Exploring the moderating role of organizational culture. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 161, p. 120302, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120302
• 41. Liu, H., Ke, W., Wei, K.K., Gu, J., Chen, H. (2010). The role of institutional pressures and organizational culture in the firm’s intention to adopt internet-enabled supply chain management systems. Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 28, Iss. 5, pp. 372-384, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jom.2009.11.010
• 42. Liu, S.F., Fan, Y.J., Luh, D.B., Teng, P.S. (2022). Organizational Culture: The Key to Improving Service Management in Industry 4.0. Applied Sciences, Vol. 12, Iss. 1, p. 437, https://doi.org/10.3390/app12010437
• 43. Majerník, M., Daneshjo, N., Malega, P., Drábik, P., Barilová, B. (2022). Sustainable Development of the Intelligent Industry from Industry 4.0 to Industry 5.0. Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal, Vol. 16, Iss. 2, pp. 12-8, https://doi.org/10.12913/22998624/146420
• 44. Mazur, J., Zaborek, P. (2016). Organizational Culture and Open Innovation Performance in Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) in Poland. International Journal of Management and Economics, Vol. 51, Iss. 1, pp. 104-38, https://doi.org/10.1515/ijme-2016-0022
• 45. Mohelska, H., Sokolova, M. (2018). Management approaches for Industry 4.0 – the organizational culture perspective, Technological and Economic Development of Economy, Vol. 24, Iss. 6, pp. 2225-2240, https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2018.6397
• 46. Müller, J. (2020). Enabling Technologies for Industry 5.0: results of a workshop with Europe’s technology leaders. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union, pp. 1-19.
• 47. Nagy, R. (2022). A literature review of contemporary industrial revolutions as decision support resources. Journal of Agricultural Informatics, Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 19-25, https://doi.org/10.17700/jai.2022.13.1.656
• 48. Ng, I.C., Hempel, P.S. (2020). Organisational culture and the implementation of Six Sigma in Southern China. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, Vol. 31, Iss. 1-2, pp. 82-98, https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2017.1413343
• 49. Oliński, M., Mioduszewski, J. (2022). Determinants of Development of Social Enterprises according to the Theory of Sustainable Development. Sustainability, Vol. 14, Iss. 23, p. 15679, https://doi.org/10.3390/su142315679
• 50. Önday, Ö. (2020). Society 5.0 – Its Historical Logic and Its Structural Development. Journal of Scientific Reports, Vol. 2, Iss. 1, pp. 32-42, https://doi.org/10.5281/ zenodo.3731954
• 51. Petrillo, A., Felice, F.D., Cioffi, R., Zomparelli, F., Petrillo, A., Felice, F.D. et al. (2018). Fourth Industrial Revolution: Current Practices, Challenges, and Opportunities. In: A. Petrillo, R. Cioffi, F. De Felice (Eds.), Digital Transformation in Smart Manufacturing (pp. 1-20). London: IntechOpen, https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.72304
• 52. Pol, A. (2022). The Influence of Industry 4.0 Technology on the Organizational Culture of Companies. Problemy Zarządzania, Vol 20, Iss. 2, pp. 11-30, https://doi.org/10.7172/1644-9584.96.1
• 53. Power, D., Schoenherr, T., Samson, D. (2010). The cultural characteristic of individualism/collectivism: A comparative study of implications for investment in operations between emerging Asian and industrialized Western countries. Journal of Operations Management, Vol. 28, Iss. 3, pp. 206-22, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.jom.2009.11.002
• 54. Quiroga, O., Osina, S., Díaz, M. (2021). Development of a Methodology to Analyze Implementation Patterns of Industry 4.0 Technologies. In: DA. Rossit, F. Tohmé, G. Mejía Delgadillo (Eds.), Production Research (pp. 307-20). Cham: Springer, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76307-7_23
• 55. Raja Santhi, A., Muthuswamy, P. (2023). Industry 5.0 or industry 4.0S? Introduction to industry 4.0 and a peek into the prospective industry 5.0 technologies. International Journal on Interactive Design and Manufacturing, Vol. 17, Iss. 2, pp. 947-79, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12008-023-01217-8
• 56. Saha, A., Nanda, D.N. (2022). Understanding Individual Cultural Values: A Validation Test of Power Distance, Masculinity, and Long-Term Orientation in Indian Service Industry. Journal of Positive School Psychology, Vol. 6, Iss. 4, pp. 10662-10668.
• 57. Schein, E.H., von Ameln, F. (2019). Relationships as a key to change. Ed Schein on the legacy and future of Change Management. Gruppe. Interaktion. Organisation. Zeitschrift für Angewandte Organisationspsychologie (GIO), Vol. 50, Iss. 2, pp. 141-144, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11612-019-00462-4
• 58. Siemiński, M., Andruszkiewicz, K., Pinho, T. (2022). Application of the 6D Hofstede Model in an Analysis of the Polish and Portuguese Business Culture. Olsztyn Economic Journal, Vol. 17, Iss. 1, pp. 59-69, https://doi.org/10.31648/oej.8651
• 59. Siemiński, M., Wędrowska, E., Krukowski, K. (2020). Cultural Aspect of Social Responsibility Implementation in SMEs. European Research Studies Journal, Vol. 23, Iss. 3, pp. 68-84, https://doi.org/10.35808/ersj/1625
• 60. Siemiński, M. (2020). Kulturowe uwarunkowania społecznej odpowiedzialności mikro, małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw. Olsztyn: Wydawnictwo UWM w Olsztynie, pp. 1-198.
• 61. Sony, M., Naik, S. (2019). Key ingredients for evaluating Industry 4.0 readiness for organizations: a literature review. Benchmarking: An International Journal, Vol. 27 Iss. 7, pp. 2213-32, https://doi.org/10.1108/BIJ-09-2018-0284
• 62. Szymańska, K. (2020). Organisational Culture in the Industry 4.0 Era: Introduction to Research. In: A. Zakrzewska-Bielawska, I. Staniec (Eds.), Contemporary Challenges in Cooperation and Coopetition in the Age of Industry 4.0 (pp. 123-136). Switzerland: Springer.
• 63. Tortorella, G., Miorando, R., Caiado, R., Nascimento, D., Portioli Staudacher, A. (2021). The mediating effect of employees’ involvement on the relationship between Industry 4.0 and operational performance improvement. Total Quality Management & Business Excellence, Vol. 32, Iss. 1-2, pp. 119-33, https://doi.org/10.1080/14783363.2018.1532789
• 64. Triandis, H.C., Gelfand, M.J. (2012). A theory of individualism and collectivism. In: P.A.M. Van Lange, A.W. Kruglanski, E.T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of theories of social psychology (pp. 498-520), CA: Sage Publications Ltd, https://doi.org/10.4135/ 9781446249222.n51
• 65. Tupa, J., Simota, J., Steiner, F. (2017). Aspects of risk management implementation for Industry 4.0. Procedia manufacturing, Vol. 11, pp. 1223-1230, https://doi.org/10.1016/ j.promfg.2017.07.248
• 66. Veile, J.W., Kiel, D., Müller, J.M., Voigt, K.I. (2020). Lessons learned from Industry 4.0 implementation in the German manufacturing industry. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, Vol. 31, Iss. 5, pp. 977-997, https://doi.org/10.1108/jmtm-08-2018-0270
• 67. Xu, X., Lu, Y., Vogel-Heuser, B., Wang, L. (2021). Industry 4.0 and Industry 5.0 – Inception, conception and perception. Journal of Manufacturing Systems, Vol. 61, pp. 530-35, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmsy.2021.10.006
• 68. Zhang, W., Zeng, X., Liang, H., Hue, Y., Cao, X. (2023). Understanding How Organizational Culture Affects Innovation Performance: A Management Context Perspective. Sustainability, Vol. 15, pp. 6644, https://doi.org/10.3390/su15086644
• 69. Ziaei Nafchi, M., Mohelská, H. (2020). Organizational Culture as an Indication of Readiness to Implement Industry 4.0. Information, Vol. 11, Iss. 3, p. 174, https://doi.org/10.3390/info11030174