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The pre-seismic ionospheric anomalies coupled through well-proposed lithosphere–atmosphere–ionosphere processes are known to cause pre-seismic ionospheric disturbances (PIDs). The present paper investigates the regional variation of ionospheric densities in the Iran area with the purpose of anomalous ionospheric detection. The ionospheric reference model (IRI) is employed to examine the accuracy of such empirical models for typical TEC (total electron content) values in Iran to determine any deviation from the normal ionospheric state. Two strong consecutive earthquakes with a magnitude of larger than 6 in the northeast of Iran were selected along with the GPS data from 5 ground stations within 50 km of the epicenter. The local ionospheric plasma density mapping using the GPS signal for earthquake prediction is studied. The results show a very promising temporal variation of local ionospheric plasma between the stations from 4 weeks to almost a week leading to the event. The deviation of TEC from the mean value between the fve stations shows no enhancement or suppression of local plasma rather than a plasma motion. A very quiet PID signature could validate the lithosphere– atmosphere–ionosphere coupling (LAIC) process associated with pre-earthquake geochemical and dynamical mechanisms. To validate that the analyzed time period falls on the minimum of solar activity, the observed positive anomalies in the regional TEC correspond to fuctuations to pre-earthquake activity and not to geomagnetic activity, and the Kp and Dst indices are taken into consideration.
Wydawca
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
1585--1595
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 19 poz.
Twórcy
autor
- Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
autor
- Institute of Geophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
Bibliografia
- 1. Afraimovich EL, Astafyeva EL (2008) TEC anomalies-local TEC changes prior to earthquakes or TEC response to solar and geomagnetic activity changes? Earth, Planets Space 60:961–966
- 2. Astafyeva E, Heki K (2009) Dependence of waveform of near-field coseismic ionospheric disturbances on focal mechanisms. Earth Planets Space 61:939–943
- 3. Astafyeva E, Heki K (2011) Vertical TEC over seismically active region during low solar activity. J Atm Terr Phys 73:1643–1652
- 4. Cahyadi MN, Heki K (2013) Ionospheric disturbances of the 2007 Bengkulu and the 2005 Nias earthquakes, Sumatra, observed with a regional GPS network. J Geophys Res Space Phys 118:1777–1787. https://doi.org/10.1002/jgra.50208
- 5. Dabas RS, Das RM, Sharma K, Pillai KGM (2007) Ionospheric pre-cursors observed over low latitudes during some of the recent major earthquakes. J Atmosph Solar-Terrestrial Phys 69:1813–1824
- 6. Dey S, Singh R (2003) Surface Latent Heat flux as an earthquake precursor. Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci 3:749–755
- 7. Kon S, Nishihashi M, Hattori K (2011) Ionospheric anomalies possibly associated with M ≥≥ 6.0 earthquakes in the Japan area during 1998–2010: case studies and statistical study. J Asian Earth Sci 41:410–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.10.005
- 8. Liu JY, Chuo YJ, Shan SJ, Tsai YB, Chen YI, Pulinets SA, Yu SB (2004a) Pre-earthquake ionospheric anomalies registered by continuous GPS-TEC measurements. Annales Geophysicae 22:1585–1593
- 9. Liu JY, Chen YI, Jhuang HK, Lin YH (2004b) Ionospheric foF2 and TEC anomalous days associated with MP5.0 earthquakes in Taiwan during 1997–1999. Terrestrial, Atmosph Oceanic Sci 15:371–383
- 10. Liu JY, Chen YI, Chen CH, Liu CY, Chen CY, Nishihashi M, Li JZ, Xia YQ, Oyama KI, Hattori K, Lin CH (2009) Seismoionospheric GPS total electron content anomalies observed before the 12 May 2008 Mw7.9 Wenchuan earthquake. Journal of Geophysical Research 114, A04320. https://doi.org/10.1029/2008JA013698.
- 11. Liu JY, Chen YI, Pulinets SA, Tsai YB, Chuo YJ (2000) Seismo-ionospheric signatures prior to M 6.0 Taiwan earthquakes. Geophys Res Lett 27:3113–3116
- 12. Mahmoudian A, Kalaee MJ (2019) Study of ULF-VLF wave propagation in the near-Earth environment for earthquake prediction. Adv Space Res 63(12):4015–4024
- 13. Molchanov OA, Hayakawa M (2008) Seismo-Electromagnetics and Related Phenomena: History and Latest Results. TERRAPUB, Tokyo, p 190
- 14. Pulinets SA, Boyarchuk K (2004) Ionospheric Precursors of Earthquakes. Springer, Berlin, p 315
- 15. Pulinets S, Ouzounov D (2011) Lithosphere-atmosphere-ionosphere coupling (LAIC) model-A unified concept for earthquake precursor validation. J Asian Earth Sci 41:371–382. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jseaes.2010.03.005
- 16. Pulinets S (2012) Low-latitude atmosphere-ionosphere effects initiated by strong earthquakes preparation process. Int J Geophys 14. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/131842
- 17. Pulinets SA, Davidenko DV (2018) The nocturnal positive ionospheric anomaly of electron density as a short-term earthquake precursor and the possible physical mechanism of its formation. Geomagn Aeron 58:559–570. https://doi.org/10.1134/S0016793218040126
- 18. Rama RPVS, Gopi K, Niranjan K, Prasad DSVVD (2006) Temporal and spatial variations in TEC using simultaneous measurements from the Indian GPS network of receivers during the low solar activity period of 2004–2005. Ann Geophys 24:3279–3292
- 19. Zhao B, Wang M, Yu T, Xu G, Wan W, Liu L (2010) Ionospheric total electron content variations prior to the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake. Int J Remote Sens 31(13):3545–3557
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
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