Renewable energy sources in the EU – current state of usage and import dependency

• Autorzy: Stefaniak Łukasz , Małyszko Małgorzata , Jaskóła Wiktoria

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5604/01.3001.0053.8566

Warianty tytułu

PL

Odnawialne źródła energii w UE – obecny stan wykorzystania i zależność od importu

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

European Union countries consumed in 2020 more energy than they produced themselves. Only its part was obtained from renewable sources (14.4%). Because of this, the Community focuses its activities largely on energy, where it is produced and the level of its consumption. To this purpose, through tools such as EU directives, it obliges Member States to reduce the energy they consume, as well as to increase the share of renewable sources in energy production. The paper analyses the energy and climate targets for the European Union, particularly those for renewables and energy efficiency, for the oncoming years. In addition, the consumption and production of energy from renewable sources of each country was summarized. Only Sweden and Latvia have been shown to consume more than 50% of their energy from renewable sources. On the other hand, about 58% of the EU’s consumed renewable energy in 2020 comes from biofuels and renewable waste. The countries’ dependence on energy imports is also apparent, but that from renewable sources usually does not account for a large share. It has also been shown that sixteen of the twenty-seven countries import more than 50% of their energy needs.

PL

Abstrakt Kraje Unii Europejskiej w 2020 r. zużyły więcej energii niż same wyprodukowały. Natomiast tylko jej część pochodziła ze źródeł odnawialnych (14.4%). W związku z tym Wspólnota swoje działania w dużej mierze koncentruje na energii, miejscach jej wytwarzania i ilości zużycia. W tym celu za pośrednictwem narzędzi, jakimi są m.in. dyrektywy UE zobowiązuje kraje do redukcji zużywanej energii, a także do wzrostu udziału źródeł odnawialnych w jej produkcji. W artykule przeanalizowano cele energetyczno-klimatyczne, w szczególności dotyczące OZE i efektywności energetycznej dla krajów Unii Europejskiej na najbliższe lata. Ponadto zestawiono zużycie oraz produkcję energii pochodzącej ze źródeł odnawialnych poszczególnych krajów. Wykazano, że jedynie Szwecja i Łotwa konsumują więcej niż 50% energii pochodzącej z OZE. Natomiast około 58% skonsumowanej w 2020 r. energii odnawialnej w EU pochodzi z biopaliw i odpadów odnawialnych. Widoczne jest także uzależnienie krajów wchodzących w skład UE od importu energii, lecz ta pochodząca ze źródeł odnawialnych zwykle nie stanowi dużego udziału w energii importowanej. Wykazano również, że 16 z 27 krajów EU importuje ponad 50% swojego zapotrzebowania na energię.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

energy consumption; energy production; energy policy

PL

zużycie energii; produkcja energii; polityka energetyczna

• Wydawca: Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej
• Czasopismo: Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej
• Rocznik: 2023
• Tom: Nr 87
• Strony: 19--34
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 40 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Stefaniak Łukasz

• Department of Environment Protection Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland

autor

Małyszko Małgorzata

• Department of Environment Protection Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland

autor

Jaskóła Wiktoria

• student of Department of Environment Protection Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Poland

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Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2024).