Diurnal variability of water vapour in the Baltic Sea region according to NCEP-CFSR and BaltAn65+ reanalyses

• Autorzy: Jakobsons E. , Keernik H. , Luhamaa A. , Ohvril H.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5697/oc.56-2.191

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Diurnal variations in water vapour in the Baltic Sea region are examined using BaltAn65+ and NCEP-CFSR reanalyses of summer (JJA) data for the period 1979-2005. A systematic difference between precipitable water (PW) diurnal variability above the land and the water is revealed. Above the land, PW diurnal variability has minimal values at 00 and 06 UTC, as in previous studies, whereas above the water, the minima are at 12 and 18 UTC. Diurnal variability in the vertical humidity profile is controlled by turbulent mixing and the diurnal behaviour of sea breezes. The impacts and proportions of diurnal variability of humidity are evaluated at different vertical levels.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

precipitable water; diurnal variability; breeze; NCEP-CFSR; BaltAn65+

• Wydawca: Polish Academy of Sciences, Institute of Oceanology ; Elsevier
• Czasopismo: Oceanologia
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: No. 56 (2)
• Strony: 191--204
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 18 poz., rys.

Twórcy

autor

Jakobsons E.

• Tartu Observatory, 61602, Toravere, Tartumaa, Estonia
• Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Ulikooli 18, Tartu 50090, Estonia

autor

Keernik H.

• Tartu Observatory, 61602, Toravere, Tartumaa, Estonia
• Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Ulikooli 18, Tartu 50090, Estonia

autor

Luhamaa A.

• Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Ulikooli 18, Tartu 50090, Estonia
• Estonian Meteorological and Hydrological Institute, Mustamäe tee 33, Tallinn, Estonia

autor

Ohvril H.

• Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Ulikooli 18, Tartu 50090, Estonia

Bibliografia

• [1]. Anthes R. A., 1983, Regional models of the atmosphere in middle latitudes, Mon. Weather Rev., 111 (6), 1306-1335, http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1983)111<1306:RMOTAI>2.0.CO;2
• [2]. Arritt R. W., 1993, Effects of the large scale flow on characteristics features of the sea breeze, J. Appl. Meteorol., 32 (1), 116-125, http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(1993)032<0116:EOTLSF>2.0.CO;2
• [3]. Bastin S., Champollion C., Bock O., Drobinski P., Masson, F., 2007, Diurnal cycle of water vapor as documented by a dense GPS network in a coastal area during ESCOMPTE IOP2, J. Appl. Meteorol. Clim., 46 (2), 167-182, http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/JAM2450.1
• [4]. Bengtsson L., Robinson G., Anthes R., Aonashi K., Dodson A., Elgered G., Gendt G., Gurney R., Jietai M., Mitchell C., Mlaki M., Rhodin G., Silverstrin P., Ware R., Watson R., Wergen W., 2003, The use of GPS measurements for water vapor determination, B. Am. Meteor. Soc., 84 (9), 1249-1258, http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-84-9-1249
• [5]. Bouma H. R., Stoew B., 2001, GPS observations of daily variations in the atmospheric water vapor content, Phys. Chem. Earth, 26 (A6-8), 389-392.
• [6]. Bouma H. R., 2002, Ground-based GPS in climate research, Tech. Rep. No. 456L, Licentiate Thesis, School Environ. Sci. School Electric. Eng., Chalmers Univ. of Tech., Göteborg.
• [7]. Dai A., Giorgi F., Trenberth K. E., 1999a, Observed and model-simulated precipitation diurnal cycle over the contiguous United States, J. Geophys. Res., 104 (D6), 6377-6402, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98JD02720
• [8]. Dai A., Trenberth K. E., Karl T. R., 1999b, Effects of clouds, soil moisture, precipitation and water vapor on diurnal temperature range, J. Climate, 12 (8), 2451-2473, http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<2451:EOCSMP>2.0.CO;2
• [9]. Dai A., Wang J., Ware R., Van Hove T., 2002, Diurnal variation in water vapor over North America and its implications for sampling errors in radiosonde humidity, J. Geophys. Res., 107 (D10), ACL 11-1-ACL 11-14, http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001JD000642
• [10]. Jakobson E., Ohvril H., Elgered G., 2009, Diurnal variability of precipitable water in the Baltic region, impact on transmittance of the direct solar radiation, Boreal Environ. Res., 14 (1), 45-55.
• [11]. Jakobson E., Vihma T., 2010, Atmospheric moisture budget over the Arctic on the basis of the ERA-40 reanalysis, Int. J. Climatol., 30 (14), 2175-2194, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.2039
• [12]. Kiehl J. T., Trenberth K. E., 1997, Earth’s annual global mean energy budget, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 78 (2), 197-208, http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0477(1997)078<0197:EAGMEB>2.0.CO;2
• [13]. Luhamaa A., Kimmel K., Männik A., Rõõm R., 2010, High resolution re-analysis for the Baltic Sea region during 1965-2005 period, Clim. Dynam., 36 (3-4), 727-738, http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00382-010-0842-y
• [14]. Maurellis A. N., Tennyson J., 2003, The climatic effects of water vapour, Phys. World, 16 (5), 29-33.
• [15]. Okulov O., Ohvril H., 2010, Column transparency and precipitable water in Estonia. Variability during the last decades, Lambert Acad. Publish., Saarbrücken, 69 pp.
• [16]. Ortiz de Galisteo J. P., Cachorro V., Toledano C., Torres B., Laulainen N., Bennouna Y., de Frutos A., 2011, Diurnal cycle of precipitable water vapor over Spain, Q. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 137 (657), 948-958, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/qj.811
• [17]. Saha S., Moorthi S., Pan H.-L., Wu X., Wang J., Nadiga S., Tripp P., Kistler R., Woollen J., Behringer D., Liu H., Stokes D., Grumbine R., Gayno G., Wang J., Hou Y.-T., Chuang H.-Y., Juang H.-M. H., Sela J., Iredell M., Treadon R., Kleist D., Van Delst P., Keyser D., Derber J., Ek M., Meng J., Wei H., Yang R., Lord s., Van Den Dool H., Kumar A., Wang W., Long C., Chelliah M., Xue Y., Huang B., Schemm J.-K., Ebisuzaki W., Lin R., Xie P., Chen M., Zhou S., Higgins W., Zou C.-Z., Liu Q., Chen Y., Han Y., Cucurull L., Reynolds R. W., Rutledge G., Goldberg M., 2010, The NCEP climate forecast system reanalysis, B. Am. Meteorol. Soc., 91 (8), 1015-1057, http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010BAMS3001.1
• [18]. Wu P., Hamada J., Mori S., Tauhid Y. I., Yamanaka M. D., Kimura F., 2003, Diurnal variation of precipitable water over a mountainous area of Sumatra Island, J. Appl. Meteorol., 42, 1107-1115, http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/1520-0450(2003)042<1107:DVOPWO>2.0.CO;2