Slumping as a record of regional tectonics and palaeoslope changes in the Satpura Basin, central India

• Autorzy: Khan Merajuddin , Khangar Ranjit G. , Raychowdhury Nilasree , Babhare Anand T.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.2478/logos-2021-0010

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Soft-sediment deformation structures play an important role in interpreting regional tectonics and basin evolution during slumping events. The Satpura Basin is interpreted as pull-apart with a monoclinal northerly palaeoslope throughout its evolution. The basin formed as a result of sinistral strike-slip faulting, induced by the ENE–WSW-trending Son-Narmada South fault in the north and the Tapti North fault in the south. We have analysed the slump folds within the basalmost Talchir Formation and related these to regional tectonics and palaeoslope changes in the Satpura Basin. The glaciofluvial strata of the Talchir Formation, exposed in the southern part of the Satpura Basin, record intricacies of folds created during slumping. Several fold styles can be distinguished, within alternations of competent sandstone and incompetent shale layers, some of which indicate buckling. Upright folds, resulting from pure shear, underwent rotation of their axial planes and fold axes during simple shear-dominated progressive deformation when the slump moved downslope. The soft-sediment deformation structures that we have studied show refolding patterns that closely resemble comparable folds known from lithified rocks. These layers with refolded structures are overlain by undeformed sediments, which proves that they are the product of a single ongoing slumping process, rather than of successive deformation events. Our analysis of their fold axes and axial planes, together with fold vergences and thrust directions within the slumps, suggests a mean slumping direction towards the southwest. Analyses of slump folds and their relationship with regional tectonics have allowed us to reinterpret basin evolution history. The southwesterly trending palaeoslope of the basin suggest that the slope of the basin was not uniform throughout its evolution. At the opening, the oblique slip fault, which trended NE–SW, generated due to movement along the ENE–WSW basin bounding faults, was more active and triggered slumping event within the Talchir deposits in the basin. With progressive overlapping of the basin-bounding faults, the Satpura Basin gradually tilted towards the north.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

soft-sediment deformation structures; fold analysis; refolding; slump folds; Talchir Formation

PL

struktury deformacji; osady miękkie; fałdowanie; analiza fałd; zapadlina

• Wydawca: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza. Instytut Geologii
• Czasopismo: Geologos
• Rocznik: 2021
• Tom: Vol. 27, No. 2
• Strony: 93--103
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 51 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Khan Merajuddin

• Geological Survey of India, Central Region, Seminary Hills, Nagpur-440 006, India

autor

Khangar Ranjit G.

• Geological Survey of India, Central Region, Seminary Hills, Nagpur-440 006, India

autor

Raychowdhury Nilasree

• Geological Survey of India, Central Region, Seminary Hills, Nagpur-440 006, India

autor

Babhare Anand T.

• Geological Survey of India, Central Region, Seminary Hills, Nagpur-440 006, India

Bibliografia

• Alfaro, P., Delgado, J., Estevez, A., Molina, J.M., Moretti, M. & Soria, J.M., 2002. Liquefaction and fluidization Basin, Betic Cordillera, southern Spain). International Journal of Earth Sciences 91, 505–513.
• Allen, J.R.L., 1984. Sedimentary Structures: Their Character and Physical Basis. Unabridged two-volume edition. Developments in Sedimentology 30. Elsevier, Amsterdam, 593 and 663 pp.
• Allen, J.R.L., 1986. Earthquake magnitude–frequency, epicentral distance, and soft sediment deformation in sedimentary basins. Sedimentary Geology 46, 67–75.
• Alsop, G.I., Marco, S., Levi, T. & Weinberger, R., 2017. Fold and thrust systems in Mass Transport Deposits. Journal of Structural Geology 94, 98–115.
• Alsop, G.I., Weinberger, R., Marco, S. & Levi, T., 2019. Folding during soft-sediment deformation. Journal of Geological Society 487, 81–104.
• Biswas, S.K., 1999. A review on the evolution of rift basins in India during Gondwana with special reference to western Indian basins and their hydrocarbon prospects. [In:] Sahni, A. & Loyal, R.S. (Eds): Gondwana Assembly: New Issues and Perspectives. Proceedings of Indian National Science Academy. Special Issue, 261–283.
• Biswas, S.K., Bhasin, A.L. & Ram, J., 1993. Classification of Indian Sedimentary Basins in the Framework of Plate Tectonics. Proceedings of the Second Seminar in Petroliferous Basins of India 1, 1–46.
• Byun, U.H., Van Loon, A.J., Kwon, Y.K. & Kyoungtae, K., 2019. A new type of slumping-induced soft-sediment deformation structure: the envelope structure. Geologos 25, 111–124.
• Casshyap, S., & Khan, A., 2000. Tectono-sedimentary evolution of the Gondwanan Satpura Basin of central India: evidence of pre-Trap doming, rifting and palaeoslope reversal. Journal of African Earth Science, 31, 65–76.
• Chakraborty, C. & Ghosh, S.K., 2005. Pull-apart origin of the Satpura Gondwana Basin, central India. Journal of Earth System Sciences 114, 259–273.
• Chakraborty, C. & Ghosh, S.K., 2008. Pattern of sedimentation during the Late Paleozoic, Gondwanaland glaciations: An example from the Talchir Formation, Satpura Gondwana Basin, Central India. Journal of Earth System Sciences 117, 499–519.
• Chakraborty, C., Ghosh, S.K. & Chakraborty, T., 2003. Depositional Record of Tidal-Flat Sedimentation in the Permian Coal Measures of Central India: Barakar Formation, Mohpani Coalfield, Satpura Gondwana Basin. Gondwana Research 6, 817–827.
• Crookshank, H., 1936. Geology of the northern slopes of the Satpura between the Moran and Sher rivers. Memoir of Geological Survey of India 66, 173–381.
• Dasgupta, P., 2008. Experimental decipherment of the soft sediment deformation observed in the upper part of the Talchir Formation (Lower Permian), Jharia Basin, India. Sedimentary Geology 205, 100–110.
• Elliot, D., 1965. The quatitative mapping of the directional minor structures. The Journal of Geology 73, 865–880.
• Elliot, C.G. & Williams, P.F., 1988. Sediment slump structures: a review of diagonastic criteria and application to an example from Newfoundland. Journal of Structural Geology 10, 171–182.
• Ettensohn, F.R., Rast, N. & Brett, C.E., 2002. Ancient seismites. Geological Society of America Special Paper 359, 177–190.
• Farrell, S.G. & Eaton, S., 1987. Slump strain in the Tertiary of Cyprus and the Spanish Pyrenees. Definition of paleoslopes and models of soft sediment deformation. [In:] Jones, M.F. & Preston, R.M.F. (Eds): Deformation of Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks. Geological Society London, Special Publications 29, 181–196.
• Hubert-Ferrari, A., El-Ouahabi, M., Garcia-Moreno, D., Avsar, U., Altinok, S., Schmidt, S. & Cagatay, N., 2017. Earthquake imprints on a lacustrine deltaic system: the Kürk Delta along the East Anatolian Fault (Turkey). Sedimentology 64, 1322–1353.
• Hudleston, P.J., 1973. An analysis of ‘single layer’ folds developed experimentally in viscous media. Tectonophysics 16, 189–214.
• Knipe, R.J., 1986. Deformation mechanism path diagrams for sediment undergoing lithification. [In:] Moore, J.C. (Ed.): Structural Fabric in Deep Sea Drilling Project Cores From Forearcs. Geological Society of America Memoirs 166, 151–160.
• Leeder, M.R., 1987. Sediment deformation structures and the palaeotectonic analysis of sedimentary basins, with a case-study from the Carboniferous of northern England. [In:] Jones, M.E. & Preston, R.M.F. (Eds): Deformation of Sediments and Sedimentary Rocks. Geological Society, London, Special Publication 29, 137–146.
• Lowe, D.R., 1975. Water-escape structures in coarse-grained sediments. Sedimentology 22, 157–204.
• Maltman, A., 1984. On the term soft-sediment deformation. Journal of Structural Geology 6, 589–592.
• Maltman, A., 1994a. Deformation structures preserved in rocks. [In:] Maltman, A. (Ed.): The Geological Deformation of Sediments. Chapman & Hall, London, 261–307.
• Maltman, A., 1994b. Introduction and overview. [In:] Maltman, A. (Ed.): The Geological Deformation of Sediments. Chapman & Hall, London, 1–35.
• Maltman, A.J., Hubbard, B. & Hambrey, M.J. (Eds), 2000. Deformation of Glacial Materials. Geological Society of London. Special Publication 176.
• Mazumder, R., Van Loon, A.J. & Arima, M., 2006. Soft-sediment deformation structures in the Earth’s oldest seismites. Sedimentary Geology 186, 19–26.
• Mazumder, R., Van Loon, A.J., Malviya, V.P., Arima, M. & Ogawa, Y., 2016. Soft-sediment deformation structures in the Mio-Pliocene Misaki Formation within alternating deep sea clays and volcanic ashes (Miura Peninsula, Japan). Sedimentary Geology 344, 323–335.
• Meddlicott, H.B., 1873. The Shahpur Coalfield with a note on coal exploration in Narmada region. Records of Geological Survey of India 18, 65–86.
• Moretti, M., Owen, G. & Tropeano, M., 2011. Soft-sediment deformation induced by sinkhole activity in shallow marine environments: a fossil example in the Apulian foreland (southern Italy). Sedimentary Geology 235, 331–342.
• Obermeier, S.F., 1996. Using liquefaction-induced features for paleoseismic analysis. [In:] McCalpin, J.P. (Ed.): Paleoseismology. International Geophysics Series 62, 331–396.
• Ortner, H., 2007. Styles of soft-sediment deformation on top of a growing fold system in the Gosau Group at Muttekopf, Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria: slumping versus tectonic deformation. Sedimentary Geology 196, 99–118.
• Ortner, H. & Kilian, S., 2016. Sediment creep on slopes in pelagic limestones: Upper Jurassic of Northern Calcareous Alps, Austria. Sedimentary Geology 344, 350–363.
• Owen, G. & Moretti, M., 2011. Identifying triggers for liquefaction-induced soft-sediment deformation in sands. Sedimentary Geology 235, 141–147.
• Perucca, L.P., Godoy, E. & Pantano, A., 2014. Late Pleistocene-Holocene earthquake-induced slumps and soft-sediment deformation structures in the Acequion River valley, Central Precordillera, Argentina. Geologos 20, 147–156.
• Peters, J., & Singh, S.K., 2001. Satpura basin – an example of pre-rift, syn-rift, post-rift Gondwana sedimentation in India. Journal of Geological Society of India 57, 309–320.
• Pratt, B.R., 1994. Seismites in the Mesoproterozoic Altyn Formation (Belt Supergroup), Montana: a test for tectonic control of peritidal carbonate cyclicity. Geology 22, 1091–1094.
• Price, N.J. & Cosgrove, J.W., 1990. Analysis of Geological Structures. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 502 pp.
• Radhakrishna, B.P. & Naqvi, S.M., 1986. Precambrian continental crust of India and its evolution. The Journal of Geology 94, 145–166.
• Raja Rao, C.S., 1983. Coalfields of India. Vol. III. Coal resources of Madhya Pradesh and Jammu and Kashmir. Geological Survey of India Bulletin Series A, 45, 248–285.
• Ramsay, J.G., 1962. Interference patterns produced by the superposition of folds of ‘similar’ type. Journal of Geology 60, 466–481.
• Ramsay, J.G., 1967. Folding and Fracturing of Rocks. McGraw Hill, New York, 568 pp.
• Ramsay, J.G. & Huber, M.I., 1987. The Techniques of Modern Structural Geology. Vol. 2. Folds and Fractures. Academic Press, London, 391 pp.
• Seilacher, A., 1969. Fault-graded beds interpreted as seismites. Sedimentology 13, 155–159.
• Twiss, R.J. & Moores, E.M., 2007. Structural Geology. 2nd ed. W.H. Freeman & Company, New York, 736 pp.
• Üner, S., 2014. Seismogenic structures in Quaternary lacustrine deposits of Lake Van (eastern Turkey). Geologos 20, 79–87.
• Van Loon, A.J., 2009. Soft-sediment deformation structures in siliciclastic sediments: an overview. Geologos 15, 3–55.
• Van Loon, A.J. (Ed.), 2014. Seismites and their soft-sediment deformation structures. Geologos 20, 61–166.
• Waldron, J.W.F. & Gagnon, J.F., 2011. Recognizing soft-sediment structures in deformed rocks of orogens. Journal of Structural Geology 33, 271–279.
• Woodcock, N.H., 1976. Structural style in slump sheets: Ludlow Series, Powys, Wales. Journal of Geological Society, London 132, 399–415.

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2021).