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Battery energy storage systems (BESS) are becoming increasingly important and their number of applications in energy systems is constantly increasing. Although batteries cannot solve the problem of electricity storage in the long term, BESS systems have proven to be suitable for short-term provision of flexibility within the day. Their real usability is shaped by the provision of balancing services to ensure a stable supply of electricity in distribution networks. BESS systems were able to respond to the dynamic development of the electricity market in recent years and achieve excellent results from the point of view of economic return. The aim of the contribution is to present the results achieved in selected cases of BESS use and to determine their economic return. The size of the battery (installed power and capacity) is designed to be able to work in individual modes and operating cases. A critical element for the design of the battery size is the technical conditions for the provision of balancing services. On the basis of market research, we determine the costs of acquiring and operating the battery, including the need for a software superstructure for controlling the battery itself and ensuring the necessary business functions. According to the defined criteria, we evaluate the technical operation of the battery located at the point of consumption (behind the meter) using the battery model in several operating cases. Subsequently, weanalyse its sales based on the development of market prices and the conditions in which the battery is placed.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
344--353
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 34 poz,. rys., tab.
Twórcy
autor
- University of Zilina, Univerzitna 8215/1, 01026 Zilina, Slovakia
autor
- University of Zilina, Univerzitna 8215/1, 01026 Zilina, Slovakia; garbier@hotmail.com tatiana.corejova@uniza.sk
Bibliografia
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- 9.ENERGIEPORTAL, 2022. Spustili prvé batériové úložisko v krajinách V4 certifikované na podporné služby. https://www.energie portal.sk/Dokument/bateriove-ulozisko-certifikovane-pre-podporne sluzby-ipesoft-108469.aspx
- 10. ENTSOe, 2017a. Explanatory document to all TSOs' proposal for the implementation framework for a European platform for the exchange of balancing energy from frequency restoration reserves with manual activation in accordance with Article 20 of Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/2195 establishing a guideline on electricity balancing, https://acer.europa.eu/sites/default/files/documents/en/Electricity/MAR KET-CODES/ELECTRICITY BALANCING/05%20mFRR%20IF/Action%201%20 %20mFRR%20IF%20explanatory%20document.pdf
- 11. ENTSOe, 2017b. Distributed Flexibility and the value of TSO/DSO cooperation. Fostering Active Customer Participation To Value Their Services On The Market – An Entso-E Position. Entso-e policy paper – distributed flexibility and the value of TSO/DSO cooperation. https://docstore.entsoe.eu/Documents/Publications/Position%20papers %20and%20reports/entsoe_pp_DF_1712_web.pdf ENTSOe, 2023. Price of Reserved Balancing Reserves, https://transparency.entsoe.eu/balancing/r2/balancingVolumesReservati onPrice/show
- 12. Hu, Y., Armada, M., Sánchez, M. J., 2022. Potential utilization of battery energy storage systems (BESS) in the major European electricity markets, Article 119512, DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119512
- 13. Huang, Ch.Y., Fan, Z., Zhang, Ch., 2022. Optimal pricing and pricing policy selection for a B2C car-sharing platform during peak and off-peak hours, Information Sciences, 604, 197-209, DOI: 10.1016/j.ins.2022.05.009
- 14. Garbier, M., 2023. EMS system and modules, 2024, software D2000, https://www.ipesoft.com/
- 15. Goulart, V.V., Neto, J. A. R., Rüther, R., 2024. Method of techno-economic analysis of Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) function-stacking for medium voltage connected consumers, Volume 83, Article 110626, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2352152X24003384
- 16. Lepieš, M., 2023. Technické podmienky prístupu a pripojenia, pravidlá prevádzkovania prenosovej sústavy, 0010/2023/E-TP. https://www.sepsas.sk/engine/wp content/uploads/2023/10/Rozhodnutie-URSO-c.-0010_2023_E-TP.pdf
- 17. Liagat, A., Azim, I.M., Peter, J., Pashajavid, E., Bhandari, V., Menon, A., Tiwari, V. Green, J., 2023, Energy Markets Improve Investment Returns of Residential BESS by Arbitrage Opportunities," 2022 IEEE Sustainable Power and Energy Conference (iSPEC), Perth, Australia, 2022, pp. 1-5, doi: 10.1109/iSPEC54162.2022.10032992, Mandy, TLS, 2023. Exploring the components of battery energy storage systems (BESS). https://www.tls-containers.com/tls-blog/exploring-the components-of-battery-energy-storage-systems-bess
- 18. Mansour, O. M. A. A., 2016. Determining the Power and Energy Capacity of a Battery Energy Storage System Utilizing a Smoothing Feeder Profile to Accommodate High Photovoltaic Penetration on a Distribution Feeder. Dissertations and Theses. Paper 3177. DOI: 10.15760/etd.3174
- 19.Mazzoni, S., Ooi, S., Nastasi, B., Romagnoli, A., 2019. Energy storage technologies as techno-economic parameters for master-planning and optimal dispatch in smart multi energy systems, Applied Energy, Volume 254, 2019, 113682, ISSN 0306-2619, DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy. 2019.113682
- 20. Meng, E., Sun, J., Huang, Y., Tang, H., 2022. Morphology Evolution and Improved Electrochemical Properties of LiFePO4 Cathode Materials for Li-ion Batteries. International Journal of Electrochemical Science, 17, DOI: 10.20964/2022.12.25
- 21. Moradzadeh, A., Nazari-Heris, M., Mohammadi, B., Asadi, S., 2021. Energy storage in energy markets, Chapter 2 - Energy storage fundamentals and components, Pages 23-39, ISBN: 978-0-12-820095-7 DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-820095-7.00009-1
- 22. OKTE, 2023. Data of Deviation of the system, https://www.okte.sk/sk/zuctovanie-odchylok/zverejnenie udajov/odchylka-sustavy/
- 23. OKTE, 2024. Decree of the Office for the Regulation of Network Industries establishing the rules for the functioning of the internal electricity market, the content of the system operator's operating regulations, the organizer of the short-term electricity market and the scope of business conditions that are part of the system operator's operating regulations, https://okte.sk/media/h2nejkl5/231211_pp-okte_ucinny_od_01-01 2024.pdf
- 24. Overall results of Day Ahead Trading, 2024, https://www.okte.sk/sk/kratkodoby-trh/zverejnenie-udajov-dt/celkove vysledky-dt/
- 25. Oyj, F., 2023. The technical requirements and the prequalification process of Frequency Containment Reserves (FCR), Appendix 2 to the Market Agreement of Frequency Containment Reserves Unofficial translation, https://www.fingrid.fi/globalassets/dokumentit/fi/sahkomarkkinat/reserv it/appendix-2-the-technical-requirements-and-the-prequalification process-of-frequency-containment-reserves-fcr.pdf
- 26. Oyj, F., 2019. The technical requirements and the prequalification process of Automatic Frequency Restoration Reserve (aFRR), https://www.fingrid.fi/globalassets/dokumentit/en/electricity market/reserves/automaattisen-taajuudenhallintareservin-afrr-teknisten vaatimusten-todentaminen-ja-hyvaksyttamispr_en.pdf
- 27. Pavlov, D., 2017. Chapter 1 - Invention and Development of the Lead–Acid Battery. In: Lead-Acid Batteries: Science and Technology. A handbook of lead-acid battery technology and its influence on the product Pp. 3-32, ISBN 978-0-444-59552-2, DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-59552-2.00001-8
- 28. Pusceddu, E., Zakeri, B., Gissey, G. C., 2021, Synergies between energy arbitrage and fast frequency response for battery energy storage systems. Volume 283, Articel 116274 DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2020.116274
- 29. Price lists of ZSD, 2023. https://www.zsdis.sk/Uvod/Spolocnost/ Dokumenty/Cenniky
- 30. SEPS, 2023. Technical conditions access and connections, rules of operation transmission system, https://www.sepsas.sk/legislativa/technicke podmienky/
- 31. ÚRSO, Regulation Number: 0121/2024/E, 2023, https://www.urso.gov.sk/ 124373-sk/01212024e/
- 32. ÚRSO, 2023, Rozhodnutie č. 0089/2023/E, https://www.sepsas.sk/engine/wp-content/uploads/2023/10/x0089_ 2023_E.pdf
- 33. Ziółkowski Marcin, 2023, Potential and challenges of Battery Energy Storage (BESS): The case of Poland, Master of Science Thesis TRITA-ITM-EX 2023:602, https://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:1824442/ FULLTEXT01.pdf
- 34. Yu Hu, Miguel Armada, María Jesús Sánchez, 2022, Applied Energy, 322, , 119512, DOI: 10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119512
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr POPUL/SP/0154/2024/02 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki II" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2025).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-f5243e7e-30aa-40ea-b2ad-d2e0a05f0240
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