Investigating the economic efficiency of waste collection and transportation – case study for urban and rural municipalities in Poland

• Autorzy: Wala Mariusz , Nowakowski Piotr

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.21307/tp-2020-023

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

This article presents the results of the analysis of waste collection in selected rural and urban municipalities in the Silesian Voivodship in Poland in the years 2014-2018. A new approach has been presented for the evaluation of the economic efficiency of the waste management system including all costs and revenues both for the local administration and the waste collection company in a circular economy context. The results include the impact of significant factors affecting the total cost of collection, which include transportation costs, personal costs, as well as administrative costs, including fees for using the environment and the fee for waste management at the landfill. The mass from the separate collection increased for three municipalities from 2014, showing a positive impact of the new regulations considering secondary raw materials for recycling. In the five years of the study, the variable purchase prices of recyclable materials adversely affected the economic efficiency of the collection, which increased fees charged by municipalities to residents. The increase in costs was significant for the five years included in the study for a landfill fee increase of 40%, for an environmental fee increase of 15% and an increase of waste collection costs above 20%. The main contribution of revenues is the waste collection fee from residents. As a consequence, the municipalities must increase waste collection fees. Due to a much larger number of waste categories and unstable purchase prices of secondary raw materials, waste-collecting companies should pay attention towards reducing transport costs and using human resources more efficiently.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

waste transportation; economic efficiency of collection; circular economy; urban waste collection; rural waste collection; separated wastes

PL

transport odpadów; efektywność ekonomiczna; zbiórka odpadów; gospodarka obiegu zamkniętego; miejska zbiórka śmieci; wiejska zbiórka śmieci; podział odpadów

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej
• Czasopismo: Transport Problems
• Rocznik: 2020
• Tom: T. 15, z. 2
• Strony: 93--105
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 30 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Wala Mariusz

• PST Transgór S.A. 44-201 Rybnik ul. Jankowicka 9

autor

Nowakowski Piotr

• Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Transport and Aviation Technologies, Krasińskiego 8, Katowice, 40-019, Poland

Bibliografia

• 1. Adamczyk, J. K. & Nehring, A., Efektywność przedsiębiorstw sprywatyzowanych. Wydawnictwo Akademii Ekonomicznej. Kraków. 1995. [In Polish: Efficiency of privatized enterprises].
• 2. Andersen, M.S. An introductory note on the environmental economics of the circular economy. Sustainability Science. 2007. Vol. 2. No. 1. P. 133-140.
• 3. Bilitewski, B. & et. al. Sprawdzone metody gospodarowania odpadami komunalnymi. Stowarzyszenie Technologii Ekologicznych Silesia. Opole. 2010. [In Polish: Verified methods of municipal waste management].
• 4. Dziennik Urzędowy Województwa Śląskiego Uchwały z lat 2014-2018 Rady Miasta Jastrzębie- Zdrój w sprawie ustalenia wysokości stawki opłaty za gospodarowanie odpadami komunalnymi. [In Polish: Acts of Silesian Voivodshaft – Fee of waste management in city of Jastrzębie Zdrój].
• 5. Dziennik Urzędowy Województwa Śląskiego Uchwały z lat 2014-2018 Rady Miejskiej Wodzisławia Śląskiego w sprawie wyboru metody ustalenia opłaty za gospodarowanie odpadami komunalnymi oraz ustalenia stawki takiej opłaty. [In Polish: Acts of Silesian Voivodshaft – Fee of waste management in city of Wodzisław Śląski].
• 6. Dziennik Ustaw Dz.U.2018.0.1454 - Ustawa z dnia 13 września 1996 r. o utrzymaniu czystości i porządku w gminach. Warszawa. [In Polish: Journal of Laws Journal of Laws. Act of 13 September 1996 on maintaining cleanliness and order in municipalities].
• 7. Dziennik Ustaw Dz.U. 2013 poz. 21. Ustawa z dnia 14 grudnia 2012 r. o odpadach. Warszawa, 2013. [In Polish: Journal of Laws. Act of 14 December 2012 on waste. 2013].
• 8. Directive 2008/98/EC of The European Parliament and of The Council of 19 November 2008 on waste and repealing certain Directives (Text with EEA relevance) European Commission.
• 9. Directive 2012/19/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 4 July 2012 on Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE).
• 10. Eurostat, 2019. Generation of waste by waste category, hazardousness and NACE Rev. 2 activity Available at: https://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/show.do.
• 11. Eurostat, 2019. Recycling rate of municipal waste. Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/databrowser/view/sdg_11_60/default/table?lang=en.
• 12. Główny Urząd Statystyczny GUS. 2019. Ochrona środowiska [In Polish: Environmental Protection – Statistics Poland].
• 13. Kalmykova, Y. & Sadagopan, M. & Rosado, L. Circular economy – From review of theories and practices to development of implementation tools. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2018. Vol. 135. P. 190-201.
• 14. Knickmeyer, D. Social factors influencing household waste separation: A literature review on good practices to improve the recycling performance of urban areas. Journal of Cleaner Production 2020. Vol. 245.
• 15. Korhonen, J. & Honkasalo A. & Seppälä, J. Circular Economy: The Concept and its Limitations. Ecological Economics. 2018. Vol. 143. P. 37-46.
• 16. Miafodzyeva, S. & Brandt, N. Recycling behaviour among householders: synthesizing determinants via a meta-analysis. Waste and Biomass Valorization. 2013. Vol. 4. P. 221-235.
• 17. Duan, N. Clean production, eco-industry and circular economy. Academy of Environmental Science. 2001, Vol. 14(6). P. 1-8.
• 18. Nowakowski, P. & Król, A. & Mrówczyńska, B. Supporting mobile WEEE collection on demand: A method for multi-criteria vehicle routing, loading and cost optimization. Waste Management. 2017. Vol. 69. P. 377-392.
• 19. Nowakowski, P. & Mrówczyńska, B. Towards sustainable WEEE collection and transportation methods in circular economy – Comparative study for rural and urban settlements. 2018. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2018. Vol. 135. P. 93-107.
• 20. Nowakowski, P. & Wala, M. Characteristics of waste electrical and electronic equipment collection – case study of mobile collection in Wodzisław Śląski. In: Proceedings of Transport Problems 2017. IX International Scientific Conference. 2017. P. 800-808.
• 21. Nowakowski, P. & Wala, M. Transport problems in the separate waste collection after introducing new law in Poland -a case study of rural municipality. In: Proceedings of Transport Problems 2016. VIII International Scientific Conference. Katowice. 2016. P. 821-830.
• 22. Rada Miejska Wodzisławia Śląskiego - Uchwała nr IV/39/15 Rady Miejskiej Wodzisławia Śląskiego – 2015 [In Polish: City Council of Wodzisław Śląski - Resolution No. IV / 39/15 of the City Council of Wodzisław Śląski].
• 23. Saidani, M. & Yannou, B. &. Leroy, Y. & Cluzel, F. Heavy vehicles on the road towards the circular economy: Analysis and comparison with the automotive industry. Resources, Conservation and Recycling. 2018. Vol. 135. P. 108-122.
• 24. Saladié, Ò. & Santos-Lacueva, R. The role of awareness campaigns in the improvement of separate collection rates of municipal waste among university students: A Causal Chain Approach. Waste Management. 2016. Vol. 48. P. 48-55.
• 25. Timlett, R. & Williams, I.D. The ISB model (infrastructure, service, behaviour): a tool for waste practitioners. Waste Management. 2011. Vol. 31. P. 1381-1392.
• 26. Varotto, A. & Spagnolli, A. Psychological strategies to promote household recycling. A systematic review with meta-analysis of validated field interventions. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 2017. Vol. 51. P. 168-188.
• 27. Uchwały Rady Gminy Marklowice z lat 2014-2018 w sprawie: stawki opłaty za gospodarowanie odpadami komunalnymi z nieruchomości zamieszkałych, położonych na terenie Gminy Marklowice. [In Polish: Resolutions of the Marklowice Commune Council from 2014-2018 regarding: rates for municipal waste management from residential real estate located in the Marklowice commune].
• 28. Urząd Gminy Marklowice Analiza stanu gospodarki odpadami komunalnymi na terenie gminy Marklowice za rok 2015. Available at: http://marklowice.pl/images/smeci/Analiza_2015.pdf. [In Polish: Marklowice Commune Office. Analysis of municipal waste management in the commune of Marklowice for 2015].
• 29. Urząd Statystyczny w Katowicach - Statystyczne Vademecum Samorządowca - Gmina miejska - Wodzisław Śląski - 2016. [In Polish: Statistical Office in Katowice - Statistical Vademecum of the Local Government - Urban commune - Wodzisław Śląski - 2016].
• 30. Urząd Miasta Jastrzębie Zdrój. Analiza stanu gospodarki odpadami komunalnymi na terenie miasta Jastrzębie Zdrój za rok 2018. 2019. [In Polish: Jastrzębie Zdrój City Council. Analysis of the state of municipal waste management in the city of Jastrzębie Zdrój for 2018].

Uwagi

PL

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2020).