Demarcation energy properties of regenerated fiber Bragg grating sensors in few-mode fibers

• Autorzy: Mohd Nazal N. A. , Lai M.-H. , Lim K.-S. , Gunawardena D. S. , Chong W.-Y. , Yang H.-Z. , Ahmad H.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5277/oa180209

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

In this work, thermal regeneration of fiber Bragg gratings inscribed in single-mode fibers, two-mode step index fibers and four-mode step index fibers is performed, where the single-mode fibers are used as the reference in the analysis. Specifically, we investigate the behavior of the thermal decay, recovery and eventually the permanent erasure of the gratings in the temperature range from 25 to 1300°C. In the domain of demarcation energy, the thermal responses of the gratings can be normalized and they share similar characteristic curves despite the different temperature ramping rates used in the annealing treatment. It is found that the demarcation energy at the regeneration point and the attempt-to-escape frequency for each grating can be associated with the confinement factors of the fibers. The finding in this work has provided a new insight in the manufacture of regenerated fiber Bragg grating sensors by using few-mode fibers for multiparameter sensing in high temperature environments.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

regenerated fiber Bragg grating; thermal regeneration; thermal decay; few-mode fibers

• Wydawca: Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Wrocławskiej
• Czasopismo: Optica Applicata
• Rocznik: 2018
• Tom: Vol. 48, nr 2
• Strony: 263--271
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 22 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Mohd Nazal N. A.

• Photonics Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

autor

Lai M.-H.

• Photonics Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

autor

Lim K.-S.

• Photonics Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

autor

Gunawardena D. S.

• Photonics Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

autor

Chong W.-Y.

• Photonics Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

autor

Yang H.-Z.

• School of Physics, Northwest University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710069, China

autor

Ahmad H.

• Photonics Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Bibliografia

• [1] MAN-HONG LAI, GUNAWARDENA D.S., KOK-SING LIM, MACHAVARAM V.R., SAY-HOE LEE, WU-YI CHONG, YEN-SIAN LEE, AHMAD H., Thermal activation of regenerated fiber Bragg grating in few mode fibers, Optical Fiber Technology 28, 2016, pp. 7–10.
• [2] HANG ZHOU YANG, XUE GUANG QIAO, DAS S., PAUL M.C., Thermal regenerated grating operation at temperatures up to 1400°C using new class of multimaterial glass-based photosensitive fiber, Optics Letters 39(22), 2014, pp. 6438–6441.
• [3] MAN-HONG LAI, GUNAWARDENA D.S., KOK-SING LIM, HANG-ZHOU YANG, AHMAD H., Observation of grating regeneration by direct CO2 laser annealing, Optics Express 23(1), 2015, pp. 452–463.
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• [11] GUNAWARDENA D.S., MAN-HONG LAI, KOK-SING LIM, ALI M.M., AHMAD H., Measurement of grating visibility of a fiber Bragg grating based on bent-spectral analysis, Applied Optics 54(5), 2015, pp. 1146–1151.
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• [16] AN LI, YIFEI WANG, QIAN HU, SHIEH W., Few-mode fiber based optical sensors, Optics Express 23(2), 2015, pp. 1139–1150.
• [17] GUNAWARDENA D.S., MAN-HONG LAI, KOK-SING LIM, AHMAD H., Thermal decay analysis of fiber Bragg gratings at different temperature annealing rates using demarcation energy approximation, Optical Fiber Technology 34, 2017, pp. 16–19.
• [18] ERDOGAN T., MIZRAHI V., LEMAIRE P.J., MONROE D., Decay of ultraviolet-induced fiber Bragg gratings, Journal of Applied Physics 76(1), 1994, pp. 73–80.
• [19] RATHJE J., KRISTENSEN M., PEDERSEN J.E., Continuous anneal method for characterizing the thermal stability of ultraviolet Bragg gratings, Journal of Applied Physics 88(2), 2000, pp. 1050–1055.
• [20] PAL S., MANDAL J., TONG SUN, GRATTAN K.T.V., Analysis of thermal decay and prediction of operational lifetime for a type I boron-germanium codoped fiber Bragg grating, Applied Optics 42(12), 2003, pp. 2188–2197.
• [21] GUNAWARDENA D.S., MAN-HONG LAI, KOK-SING LIM, MALEKMOHAMMADI A., AHMAD H., Fabrication of thermal enduring FBG sensor based on thermal induced reversible effect, Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 242, 2016, pp. 111–115.
• [22] TAO WANG, LI-YANG SHAO, CANNING J., COOK K., Temperature and strain characterization of regenerated gratings, Optics Letters 38(3), 2013, pp. 247–249.

Uwagi

PL

Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2018).