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Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
The microbial quality of the working environment was assessed in winter in air-conditioned office buildings in Warsaw. The average indoor concentrations of bacterial and fungal aerosols were low (<103 cfu∙m–3), below Polish proposals for threshold limit values in public service buildings. Even during cold months, if the air-conditioning system works properly, people remain the main source of bacterial aerosol in offices, whereas infiltration of outdoor air remains a major mechanism responsible for their fungal contamination. An analysis of the bioaerosol size distribution showed that microbial propagules that reach both the upper and lower respiratory tract may evoke numerous adverse health effects from irritation and asthmatic reactions to allergic inflammation. A comparative analysis of viable and total airborne microbial counts showed that viable micro-organisms accounted for up to 0.3% of the total number of microbial propagules. Hence, a comprehensive hygienic assessment of office workplaces should include an efficient control of both these elements.
Wydawca
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
465--476
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 38 poz., rys., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
- Central Institute for Labour Protection – National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Poland
autor
- Central Institute for Labour Protection – National Research Institute (CIOP-PIB), Poland
Bibliografia
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- 8.Górny RL. Cząstki grzybów i bakterii jako składniki aerozolu pomieszczeń—właściwości, mechanizmy emisji, detekcja [Fungal and bacterial propagules as indoor air contaminants: characteristics, release mechanisms, detection]. Sosnowiec, Poland: IMPiZŚ; 2004.
- 9.Górny RL, Dutkiewicz J, Krysińska-Traczyk E. Size distribution of bacterial and fungal bioaerosols in indoor air. Ann Agric Environ Med. 1999;6:105–13.
- 10.Owen MK, Ensor DS, Sparks LE. Airborne particle sizes and sources found in indoor air. Atmos Environ. 1992;26:2149–62.
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- 16.European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Workplace atmosphere—guide for the application and use of procedures for the assessment of exposure to chemical and biological agents (Standard No. EN 14042:2003). Brussels, Belgium: CEN; 2003.
- 17.European Committee for Standardization (CEN). Workplace atmospheres—volumetric bioaerosol sampling devices—requirements and test methods (Standard No. EN 14583:2004). Brussels, Belgium: CEN; 2004.
- 18.Operator’s Manual MAS-100™ Professional Microbial Air Monitoring System for the Microbiological Testing of Air. Brussels, Belgium: Merck Eurolab/Gibbstown, NJ, USA: EM Science; 2003.
- 19.Klich MA. Identification of common Aspergillus species. Utrecht, The Netherlands: Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures; 2002.
- 20.Owen MK, Ensor DS, Sparks LE. Airborne particle sizes and sources found in indoor air. Atmos Environ. 1992;26:2149–62.
- 21.Samson RA, Hoekstra ES, Frisvad JC. Introduction to food- and airborne fungi. 7th ed. Utrecht, The Netherlands: Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures; 2004.
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- 23.Wang Z, Reponen T, Grinshpun SA, Górny RL, Willeke K. Effect of sampling time and air humidity on the bioefficiency of filter samplers for bioaerosol collection. J Aerosol Sci. 2001;32:661–74.
- 24.Directive 2000/54/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 18 September 2000 on the protection of workers from risks related to exposure to biological agents at work (seventh individual directive within the meaning of Article 16(1) of Directive 89/391/EEC). OJ. 2000; L262:21–45. Retrieved September 6, 2010, from: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2000:262:0021:0045:EN:PDF.
- 25.Rozporządzenie Ministra Zdrowia z dnia 22 kwietnia 2005 r. w sprawie szkodliwych czynników biologicznych dla zdrowia w środowisku pracy oraz ochrony zdrowia pracowników zawodowo narażonych na te czynniki [Ordinance of the Minister of Health of April 22, 2005, on hazardous biological agents in the work environment and the protection of health of workers occupationally exposed to them]. Dz U. 2005;48(288):5 421–39.S
- 26.Spengler JD, Wilson R. Emission, dispersion, and concentration of particles. In: Wilson R, Spengler JD, editors. Particles in our air: concentrations and health effects. Cambridge, MA, USA: Harvard University Press; 1996. p. 41–62.
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- 30.Augustyńska D, Pośniak M, editors. Czynniki szkodliwe w środowisku pracy—wartości dopuszczalne [Harmful agents in the working environment—admissible values]. Warszawa: CIOP-PIB; 2007.
- 31.Lis DO, Pastuszka JS, Górny RL. Występowanie aerozolu bakteryjnego i grzybowego w mieszkaniach, biurach i środowisku zewnętrznym Górnego Śląska [The prevalence of bacterial and fungal aerosol in homes, office and ambient air of Upper Silesia. Preliminary results]. Roczniki PZH. 1997;48:59–68.
- 32.Tsai FC, Macher JM. Concentrations of airborne culturable bacteria in 100 large US office buildings from the BASE study. Indoor Air. 2005;15:71–81.
- 33.Wong LT, Mui KW, Hui PS, Chan WY, Law AKY. Thermal environmental interference with airborne bacteria and fungi levels in air-conditioned offices. Indoor Built Environ. 2008;17:122–7.
- 34.Macher J, editor. Bioaerosols—assessment and control. Cincinnati, OH, USA: ACGIH; 1999.
- 35.Dutkiewicz J. Biologiczne czynniki zagrożenia zawodowego—aktualne problem [Occupational biohazards: current issues]. Med Pr. 2004;55:31-40.
- 36.Pastuszka J, Kyaw Tha Paw U, Lis D, Wlazło A, Ulfig K. Bacterial and fungal aerosol in indoor environment in Upper Silesia, Poland. Atmos Environ. 2000;34:3833–42 (DOI:10.1016/S1352-2310(99)00527-0).
- 37.Hottell KA, Kesavan J. Characteristics and sampling efficiencies of two impactor bioaerosol samplers: MAS-100® (microbial air monitoring system) and single-stage Andersen viable microbial samplers. Aberdeen Proving Ground, MD, USA: Edgewood Chemical Biological Center; 2004. Retrieved September 6, 2010, from: http://www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?AD=ADA429203&Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf.
- 38.Yao M, Mainelis G. Investigation of cut-off size and collection efficiencies of portable microbial samplers. Aerosol Sci Technol. 2006;40:595–606.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-f3fca21d-4bf4-49a8-a055-921c8af9f58c