Comparative assessment of the risk of injury to children aged 3 and 10 in a road accident

• Autorzy: Żuchowski A.

Identyfikatory

DOI

http://dx.doi.org/10.14669/ AM.VOL71.ART9

Warianty tytułu

PL

Ocena porównawcza ryzyka obrażeń dzieci w wieku 3 i 10 lat podczas wypadku drogowego

• Języki publikacji: EN PL

Abstrakty

EN

The article presents results of experimental investigation of the dynamic loads that act on a child carried in a safety seat fixed on the rear seat of a passenger car during a frontal impact of the car against an obstacle. The analysis was done with using the test results published on the Internet by the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), covering 12 crash tests where the test car moving with a speed of about 56 km/h frontally hit a rigid flat barrier. The attention was focused on the loads on test dummies representing children aged 3 and 10 years. For all the cars tested, the risk of serious injury (AIS 3) for the child aged 3 years was higher by 5-27 % than that for the ten-year-old one in the test conditions under consideration. It has been found that for the younger child, the greatest danger may arise when the child’s head hits its back on the seat backrest in the final phase of the vehicle collision; in contrast, the older child is chiefly exposed to excessive thoracic deflection. The assessment of loads on the test dummies was preceded by an analysis of data collected from the road accidents that occurred in Poland and in the European Union. It has been ascertained that the risk of child’s death in a road accident in Poland is comparable for both the age groups under analysis (0-6 years and 7-14 years). However, it is alarming that the value of the rate of hazard to children in Poland is almost twice as high as the EU average.

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań obciążeń dynamicznych, jakie działają na dzieci przewożone w fotelikach na tylnym siedzeniu samochodu osobowego, podczas jego czołowego uderzenia w przeszkodę. Wykorzystano wyniki badań udostępnione w Internecie przez National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (USA), obejmujące 12 testów zderzeniowych, w których samochód jadący z prędkością około 56 km/h uderzał czołowo w sztywną, płaską barierę. Uwagę skupiono na obciążeniach manekinów, reprezentujących dzieci w wieku 3 i 10 lat. W większości samochodów, w rozważanych warunkach badań, ryzyko poważnych obrażeń (AIS3) dziecka 3-letniego było większe o (5 ÷ 27)% niż dziecka 10-letniego. Ustalono, że zagrożeniem dla młodszego dziecka może być uderzenie tyłem głowy o oparcie fotelika, w końcowej fazie zderzenia. Natomiast starsze dziecko jest narażone na nadmierne ugięcie klatki piersiowej. Ocenę obciążeń manekinów poprzedzono analizą danych z wypadków drogowych w Polsce i UE. Ustalono, że ryzyko śmierci dziecka podczas wypadku drogowego w Polsce jest porównywalne w obu analizowanych grupach wiekowych (0 – 6 lat oraz 7 – 14 lat). Niepokojące jest to, że wartość wskaźnika zagrożenia dzieci w Polsce jest prawie 2 razy większa niż średnia w Unii Europejskiej.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

road accidents; crash tests; child safety; child restraint systems

PL

wypadki drogowe; testy zderzeniowe; bezpieczeństwo dziecka; foteliki

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Sieci Badawczej Łukasiewicz - Przemysłowego Instytutu Motoryzacji
• Czasopismo: Archiwum Motoryzacji
• Rocznik: 2016
• Tom: Vol. 71, nr 1
• Strony: 133--153
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 32 poz., rys., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Żuchowski A.

• Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna, Wydział Mechaniczny, ul. Gen.S.Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warszawa

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