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Determinanty efektywności gospodarowania odpadami komunalnymi w krajach członkowskich Unii Europejskiej
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
The main purpose of this paper is to assess the municipal solid waste management (MSWM) efficiency of European Union countries and to identify the determinants of this efficiency before and after introducing Directive (EU) 2018/851. The research was conducted for 23 EU Member States in order to analyse the two highest-priority waste treatment methods (material recycling and energy recovery) and the level of greenhouse gases emitted by the waste management sector. The data for 2015-2020 were extracted from the Eurostat database. The period of data was divided into two sub-periods: 2015-2017 (the period before introducing the Directive) and 2018-2020. MSWM efficiency scores were calculated using the DEA method. Later, the Tobit Regression Model (TRM) was applied to identify the determinants. The efficiency analysis showed that the countries which joined the EU before 2000 improved their MSWM efficiency in 2018-2020 compared with 2015-2017. On the other hand, the average efficiency scores of the countries that joined the EU after 2000 decreased. In 2015-2017, the following determinants of MSWM efficiency occurred to be statistically significant: population density, unemployment rate, the number of patents and the tourism intensity index, while in 2018-2020: population density, unemployment rate, Research & Development (R&D) expenditure, higher education proportion and MSW generated. A detailed analysis of these variables showed that the countries that joined the EU after 2000 should first increase their R&D expenditure and support their inhabitants in increasing their educational level.
Celem badania jest ocena efektywności przetwarzania odpadów przez kraje członkowskie Unii Europejskiej oraz identyfikacja determinant tej efektywności przed i po wprowadzeniu w życie Dyrektywy 2018/851. Badanie zaprezento-wane w niniejszym artykule zostało przeprowadzone dla 23 krajów członkowskich Unii Europejskiej z uwzględnieniem dwóch sposobów przetwarzania odpadów uznanych przez Unię za priorytetowe, tj. recyklingu w celu odzysku materiałów i odzysku energii. Przy szacowaniu efektywności uwzględniono również poziom gazów cieplarnianych emitowanych przez sektor gospo-darowania odpadami. Dane statystyczne dotyczyły lat 2015-2020 i pochodziły z bazy danych Eurostat. Okres analizy podzielono na dwa podokresy: 2015-2017 (okres przed wprowadzeniem Dyrektywy) oraz 2018-2020. Do obliczenia współczynników efek-tywności wykorzystano model DEA, natomiast identyfikacji determinant dokonano w oparciu o regresję tobitową. Po wprowa-dzeniu w życie Dyrektywy efektywność przetwarzania odpadów przez kraje włączone do Unii przed 2000 rokiem uległa poprawie, podczas gdy średnia efektywność krajów włączonych po 2000 roku spadła w stosunku do 2015-2017. Determinanty tej efektyw-ności również uległy zmianie. W latach 2015-2017 do istotnych czynników zaliczyć można: gęstość zaludnienia, stopę bezrobo-cia, patenty oraz wskaźnik natężenia turystycznego, natomiast w latach 2018-2020: gęstość zaludnienia, stopę bezrobocia, wydatki badawczo-rozwojowe, wykształcenie wyższe mieszkańców oraz ilość generowanych odpadów komunalnych. Analiza szczegółowa wskaźników pokazała, że kraje włączone do Unii po 2000 roku powinny w pierwszej kolejności skupić się na pod-niesieniu poziomu wydatków badawczo-rozwojowych oraz wspierać mieszkańców w podnoszeniu poziomu wykształcenia.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
art. no. 637
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 40 poz., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
- Poznan University of Economics and Business, Niepodległości Avenue 10, 61-875 Poznan, Poland
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Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-f2a47ca6-24c8-42a3-a312-5709a9d3a239