Biological weapon as a tool in the process of reducing the structural power of a state

• Autorzy: Chabska Katarzyna

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.37055/pno/175827

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Objectives: The purpose of this article is to present biological weapon in the process of reducing the structural power of a state. This article answers the following questions: What is the structural power and national economy? What is human capital and agriculture? What is the biological weapon and what is its effectiveness? How does the biological weapon reduce the structural power of a state? Methods: Analyzing literature and documents. Results: This article states that a biological weapon is a tool for reducing a state’s international potential used by a hostile state. This is the main reason why agriculture is the high-risk target for biological warfare. From the perspective of a biological weapon, a high-risk target as agriculture is human capital that is engaged in the production of goods. This sphere is essential for the national economy as well. The health and vitality of the population is crucial for effective production. All of the above gives the full scope of the country’s capabilities in the international sphere which could lead to becoming a power actor in global politics. Conclusions: From the perspective of a hostile state, the structural power of the targeted state cannot be reached. At this point, it can be stated that a state's structural power can be limited by reducing its relational power (reduction of international power through reduction of production/agriculture). Due to the wide spectrum of potential biological hazards a biological weapon can easily meet the needs of a hostile state.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

WMD; weapon of mass destruction; biological weapon; biosecurity

PL

broń masowego rażenia; broń biologiczna; bezpieczeństwo biologiczne

• Wydawca: Wojskowa Akademia Techniczna im. Jarosława Dąbrowskiego
• Czasopismo: Przegląd Nauk o Obronności
• Rocznik: 2023
• Tom: R. 8, Nr 17
• Strony: 4--14
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 21 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Chabska Katarzyna

• National Security Department, War Studies University, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4860-0270

Bibliografia

• 1. Cupp, O. S., Walker, D. E., Hillison, J. (2004). Agroterrorism in the U.S.: key security challenge for the 21st century. Biosecurity and bioterrorism: biodefense strategy, practice, and science, 2(2), 97–105. https://doi.org/10.1089/153871304323146397.
• 2. Debnath, M., Godavarthi B. K. S., Prasad & Prakash S. Bisen (2010). Molecular Diagnostics: Promises and Possibilities, London: Springer.
• 3. Franz, D., Takafuji, E., Parrot, C. (1997). ‘The U.S. Biological Warfare and Biological Defense Programs’ Textbook of Military Medicine: Medical Aspects of Chemical and Biological Warfare. United States. Department of the Army. Office of the Surgeon General, Washington, p. 435.
• 4. Gawrycka, M., Szymczak, A. (2012). ‘Zasoby ludzkie jako potencjał gospodarki narodowej’, in. W. Jarecki (Ed) Kształcenie a jakość kapitału ludzkiego na rynku pracy, Szczecin: Uniwersytet Szczeciński Wydział Nauk Ekonomicznych i Zarządzania, pp.57-68.
• 5. Kuznets, S. (1961). Economic Growth and the Contribution of Agriculture: Notes on Measurement. Available at: https://ideas.repec.org/p/ags/iaae61/209625.html (Accessed: 31/08/2023).
• 6. Moczulska, J. (2013). ‘Inwestycje w kapitał ludzki determinanta innowacyjności’ in Sadowski, A. & Wyszkowski, A. (eds) Innowacyjność i przedsiębiorczość w rozwoju społeczno- gospodarczym, Białystok: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku.
• 7. Noga, M. (2018). ‘Gospodarka narodowa jako byt strukturalny’, Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Katowicach, 362, p.7-18.
• 8. Praburaj, L. (2018). ‘Role of Agriculture in the Economic Development of a Country’, Shanlax International Journal of Commerce, vol. 6, no. 3, pp.1–5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/ zenodo.1323056.
• 9. Schaad, N.W., Shaw, J. J., Vidaver, A., Leach, J., Erick, B.J. (1999). Crop Biosecurity. APSnet Features. Available at: https://www.apsnet.org/edcenter/apsnetfeatures/Pages/CropBiosecurity.aspx. (Accessed: 18/09/2023).
• 10. Strange, S. (1988). States and Markets, London: Pinter Publishers.
• 11. Szczukocka, A. (2018). ‘Rozwój sektora rolnego w Polsce i krajach Unii Europejskiej’, Zeszyty Naukowe SGGW, 1, p.275-286.
• 12. Wheelis, M., Rozsa L., Danto, M., (2006). Deadly Cultures: Biological Weapons since 1945. Harvard University Press.
• Other sources
• 1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Available at: https://emergency.cdc.gov/agent/agentlist-category.asp (Accessed: 16/09/2023).
• 2. PWN Encyclopedia (2023). Available at: https://encyklopedia.pwn.pl/haslo/gospodarkanarodowa;3906922.html (Accessed: 22/08/2023).
• 3. The Sunday News (2020), Agriculture sector key to economic transformation. Available at: https://www.sundaynews.co.zw/agriculture-sector-key-to-economic-transformation/ (Accessed: 28.08.2023).
• 4. U.S Department of Homeland Security. Available at: https://www.dhs.gov/topics/weaponsmass-destruction (Accessed: 2/10/2023).
• 5. The Australia Group (2022), List of Plants Pathogens for Export Control. Available at: https://www.dfat.gov.au/publications/minisite/theaustraliagroupnet/site/en/plants.html) (Accessed: 21/09/2023).
• 6. United Nations Office for Disarmament Affairs, Weapon of Mass Destruction. Available at: https://www.unrcpd.org/wmd/ (Accessed: 3/10/2023).
• 7. United Nations, What are Biological Weapons? Available at: https://disarmament.unoda.org/biological-weapons/about/what-are-biologicalweapons/ (Accessed: 31/08/2023).
• 8. World Organisation for Animal Health. Available at: https://www.woah.org/en/what-wedo/animal-health-and-welfare/animal-diseases/old-classification-of-diseasesnotifiable-to-the-oie-list-a/; https://www.woah.org/en/what-we-do/animal-health-andwelfare/animal-diseases/old-classification-of-diseases-notifiable-to-the-oie-list-b/ (Accessed: 16/09/2023).
• 9. World Health Organization, Biological Weapons. Available at: https://www.who.int/healthtopics/biological-weapons#tab=tab_1 (Accessed: 31/08/2023).

Uwagi

1. Dwa liczbowania bibliografii.

2. Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2024).