Tourism, leisure and zoos - an outline of the problem on the example of Poland

• Autorzy: Kapera Izabela , Kapera Artur

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.34767/GAT.2021.09.09

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Despite often polarized opinions, zoological gardens are among the most frequently visited tourist attractions in the world and there is no indication that they will cease to exist in the coming years. This article presents the zoological gardens from the point of view of tourismand leisure in the light of opinions expressed by visitors in Poland. The aim of this study is to examine what role zoological gardens play in tourism and how they are perceived by visitors to these places in Poland. There are 25 zoological gardens in the country, and they are visited by a total of around 4 million people every year. Attendance in the largest of them reaches over 1.6 million visitors. In the research proceedingsthe opinionsof visitors to Polish zooswere analysed. For that purpose data from the online services Tripadvisor and Google Maps have been gathered. The results show that visitors generally judge the visited places well, and in their opinions they refer mainly to organizational issues, prices and service, rarely paying attention to animal welfare and only occasionally to issues concerning the realization of the educational or conservation function.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

tourist attractions; zoological garden; zoo; Poland

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Kazimierza Wielkiego
• Czasopismo: Geography and Tourism
• Rocznik: 2021
• Tom: Vol. 9, No. 2
• Strony: 7--16
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 32 poz., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Kapera Izabela

• Andrzej Frycz Modrzewski Krakow University, Faculty of Law, Administration and International Relations, Kraków, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1691-5275

autor

Kapera Artur

• AGH Univeristy of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5090-9197

Bibliografia

• Ajayi O.O., Tichaawa T.M., 2020. Vistors characteristics and destination image: thecase of Nigerian zoos. Geo Journal of Tourism and Geosites 32(4), 1410–1417.
• Ballantyne R., Packer J., Hughes K., Dlerking L., 2007.Conservation learning in wildlife tourism settings: lessons from research in zoos and aquariums. Environmental Education Research13(3), 367–383.
• Braszka M., 2019. Zoo Wrocław w czołówce największych atrakcji turystycznych w Polsce! Kocham Wrocław. Odkryj Wrocław na nowo; https://kochamwroclaw.pl/zoo-wroclawczolowcenajwiekszych-atrakcji-turystycznych-polsce/ (Date of access: 4.08.2021).
• Carr N., Cohen, S., 2011. The public face of zoos: Images of entertainment, education, and conservation. Anthrozoos 24(2), 175–189.
• Catibog-Sinha C., 2011. Zoo tourism and the conservation of threatened species. [In:] Frost W. (Ed.), Zoos and Tourism: Conservation, Education, Entertainment? Chanel View Publications, 13–32.
• Frost W., 2011. Rethinking Zoos and Tourism. [In:] Frost W. (Ed.), Zoos and Tourism: Conservation, Education, Entertainment? Chanel View Publications, 133–142.
• Habel A., Mroczkowski S., 2015. The objectives and tasks of zoos. Journal of Education, Health and Sport 5(8), 521–528.
• Hermann U., du Plessis L., 2014. Travel motives of visitors to the National Zoological Gardens of South Africa. African Journal for Physical, Health Education, Recreation and Dance 203, 1162–1172.
• Jedzok D., 2019. Vanishing bars on the threshold of the third century of zoological gardens. Zoophilologica. Polish Journal of Animal Studies 5, 83–95.
• Lever C., 2007. The Zoo Dilemma. Journal of Natural History 24(4), 795–799.
• Mason P., 2000. Zoo Tourism: The Need for More Research. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 8(4), 333–339.
• Mearns K.F., Liebenberg J., 2018. An Evaluation of Visitor Facilities and the Visitor Perceptions of the National Zoological Gardens in South Africa. Athens Journal of Tourism 5(3), 163–180.
• Minkwitz A., 2018. Tripadvisor as a source of data in the planning process of tourism development on a local scale. Tourism 28(2), 49–55.
• Mkhize B.N., 2020. Who visits a nature based urban attraction and why? An exploratory study of the motivations to visit the Pretoria Zoo in South Africa. African Journal of Hospitality, Tourism and Leisure 9(2), 1-14.
• Ryan Ch., Saward J., 2010. The Zoo as Ecotourism Attraction – Visitor Reactions,Perceptions and Management Implications: The Case of Hamilton Zoo, New Zealand. Journal of Sustainable Tourism 12(3), 245–266.
• Shani A., Pizam A., 2011. A typology of animal displays in captive settings. [In:] Frost W. (Ed.), Zoos and Tourism: Conservation, Education, Entertainment? Channel View Publications Ltd, Bristol/Blue Ridge Summit, 33–46.
• Symonides E., 2014. Ochrona przyrody. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego, Warszawa [In Polish].
• The Act of 16 April 2004 on the Nature Conservation, 2004. Dz. U. z 2020 r. poz. 55, 471, 1378.
• Tribe A., 2004. Zoo tourism. [In:] Higginbottom K. (Ed.), Wildlife tourism: impacts, managementand planning, Common Ground Publishing [for] CRC for Sustainable Tourism, Australia, 35–56.
• Turley S.K., 1999. Exploring the future of the traditional UK zoo. Journal of Vacation Marketing 5(4), 340–355.
• von Essen E., Lindsjö J., Berg Ch., 2020. Instagranimal: Animal Welfare and Animal Ethics Challenges of Animal-Based Tourism. Animals 10(10), 18–30.
• Wearing, S., Jobberns, Ch., 2011. Ecotourism and the Commodification of Wildlife: Animal Welfare and the Ethics of Zoos. [In:] Frost W. (Ed.), Zoos and Tourism: Conservation, Education, Entertainment? Channel View Publications Ltd, Bristol/Blue Ridge Summit, 47-58.
• Internet sources
• EAZA., n.d. Members. EAZA Members comply with EAZA’s standards and are committed tohigh levels of professionalism; https://www.eaza.net/members/ (Date of access: 4.08.2021).
• General Directorate for Environmental Protection, n.d. Wykaz ogrodów zoologicznych w Polsce; https://www.gdos.gov.pl/wykaz-ogrodow-zoologicznych-w-polsce (Date of access: 11.12.2021).
• https://www.google.com/maps (Date of access: 11.12.2021).
• Supreme Audit Office, 2012. Informacja o wynikach kontroli. Wykorzystanie środków Publicznych przez wybrane ogrody zoologiczne, Najwyższa Izba Kontroli, Delegatura w Gdańsku; file:///tmp/mozilla_iza0/lgd~p_11_129_201108191425491313756749~011.pdf (Date of access: 4.08.2021).
• The Association of Directors of Polish Zoological Gardens and Aquariums, n.d.; https://www.radazoo.org/aboutus (Date of access: 4.08.2021).
• Tripadvisor, n.d. Zoos in Poland; https://www.tripadvisor.com/Attractions-g274723-Activities-c61-t134-Poland.html (Date of access: 11.12.2021).
• Warsaw Zoological Garden, n.d. Po co nam ogrody zoologiczne?; https://zoo.waw.pl/aktualnosci/najblizsze-wydarzenia/po-co-nam-ogrody-zoologiczne,p2005279518 (Date of access: 4.08.2021).
• WAZA, n.d. About WAZA; https://www.waza.org/about-waza/(Date of access: 4.08.2021).
• World Animal Protection, n.d. Checking out of cruelty, How to end wildlife tourism’s holiday horrors; https://www.worldanimalprotection.org/sites/default/files/int_files/pdfs/checking_out_ of_cruelty.pdf (Date of access: 4.08.2021).
• Zoo w liczbach, n.d.; https://zoo.gda.pl/o-zoo/zoo-w-liczbach/ (Date of access: 11.12.2021).