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NATO’s defence policy dilemma in the Baltic States

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EN
Abstrakty
EN
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the dilemma NATO has faced since February 2014 in its defence policy regarding the Baltic States. If NATO pursues a policy of deterrence, it might trigger war because Russia, the would-be deteree, may perceive actions taken by NATO as not intended to strengthen deterrence but rather to intimidate or coerce it. If it pursues an alternate policy of leaving the Baltic States visibly undefended, it might trigger war because Russia may see this as a sign of weakness and a gap to be exploited. This article investigates the logic of the dilemma, before considering whether NATO’s choice, made at the Warsaw Summit of July 2016, is working as intended. Ultimately, we cannot predict the answer and, therefore, we should consider all possible outcomes, including those which lead to a defensive war in the Baltic States.
Słowa kluczowe
Rocznik
Strony
51--68
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 27 poz.
Twórcy
autor
  • Leiden University, Leiden, Netherlands
Bibliografia
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  • 3. Baczyńska G., Szary W., Russia says will retaliate if U.S. weapons stationed on borders, Reuters 15 June 2015, http://www.reuters.com/article/2015/06/15/us-russia-usaeurope-idUSKBN0OV17A20150615 [accessed: 28.10.2015].
  • 4. Baev P.K., The Russian Army as a crumbling keystone in the European security architecture [in:] R. N. McDermott, B. Nygren & C. Vendil Pallin (eds), The Russian Armed Forces in Transition: Economic, geopolitical and institutional uncertainties, London, 2012.
  • 5. Barrass G.S., The Great Cold War: A Journey Through the Hall of Mirrors, Stanford, 2009.
  • 6. Bērziņa I., Color revolutions: Democratization, Hidden Influence, or Warfare?, Riga, 2014.
  • 7. Brodie B., The Anatomy of Deterrence, World Politics, 11(2), 1959.
  • 8. Cheskin A., Russian Speakers in Post-Soviet Latvia: Discursive Identity Strategies, Edinburgh, 2016.
  • 9. Cimbala S.J., Revisiting the Nuclear ‘War Scare’ of 1983: Lessons Retro- and Prospectively, Journal of Slavic Military Studies, 27(2), 2014.
  • 10. Erickson J., Russia will not be trifled with: Geopolitical facts and fantasies, Journal of Strategic Studies, 22(2-3), 1999.
  • 11. Fontana L., Vladimir Putin, interview to the Italian newspaper «Il Corriere della Sera», Il Corriere Della Sera, 7 June 2015, http://www.corriere.it/english/15_giugno_07/ vladimir-putin-interview-to-the-italian-newspaper-corriere-sera-44c5a66c-0d12- 11e5-8612-1eda5b996824.shtml, [accessed: 2.09.2016].
  • 12. Gray C.S., Deterrence and the nature of strategy, Small Wars & Insurgencies 11(2), 2000.
  • 13. Grigas A., Legacies, Coercion and Soft Power: Russian Influence in the Baltic States, Chatham House Briefing Paper, August 2012.
  • 14. Hooker Jr. R.D., Operation Baltic Fortress, 2016, RUSI Journal, 3(160), 2015.
  • 15. Howard M., Lessons of the Cold War, Survival, 4(36), 1994-95.
  • 16. Ito P., Baltic Military Cooperate Projects: A Record of Success [in:] T. Lawrence & T. Jermalavičius (eds), Apprenticeship, Partnership, Membership: Twenty Years of Defence Development in the Baltic States, Tallinn, 2013.
  • 17. Jukes G., The Military Approach to Deterrence and Defense in: M. McGwire, K. Booth, J. McDonnell, Soviet Naval Policy: Objectives and Constraints, New York, 1975.
  • 18. Kipp J.W., Russia’s Nonstrategic Nuclear Weapons, Military Review, 3(81), 2001.
  • 19. Mastny V., How Able was ‘Able Archer’? Nuclear Trigger and Intelligence in Perspective, Journal of Cold War Studies, 1(11), 2009.
  • 20. Michlethwait J., The Russian president on the future of Europe, why he’s bullish on Gazprom, and the coming U.S. election, Bloomberg Businessweek, 8 September 2016, http://www. bloomberg.com/features/2016-vladimir-putin-interview/, [accessed: 21.09.2016].
  • 21. Milevski L., Deterring Able Archer: Comments Arising from Adamsky’s Lessons for Deterrence Theory and Practice, Journal of Strategic Studies, 37(6-7), 2014.
  • 22. Plakans A., A Concise History of the Baltic States, Cambridge, 2011.
  • 23. Putin V., Being strong: National security guarantees for Russia, 29 February 2012, http:// archive.premier.gov.ru/eng/events/news/18185/, [accessed: 28.10.2015].
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  • 25. Seegel S., Mapping Europe’s Borderlands: Russian Cartography in the Age of Empire, Chicago, 2012.
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  • 27. Stegen K.S., Deconstructing the ‘energy weapon’: Russia’s threat to Europe as case study, Energy Policy, 39, 2011.
Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2018).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-f16fdf60-0102-4e5b-8265-2920a18d02af
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