Testing of Selected Phytoindicators for Assessment of Trace Metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) Traffic Pollution Along The Road Cracow – Zakopane

• Autorzy: Korzeniowska J. , Panek E. , Baran A.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Testowanie wybranych fitoindykatorów do oceny zanieczyszczeń komunikacyjnych metalami śladowymi (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb I Zn) wzdłuż drogi Kraków-Zakopane

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The phytoindication-based study assessing roadside pollution was carried out along the Cracow – Zakopane. Two testing plants: the common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg.) and the Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst). Plant samples were collected within two sites in distance of 5, 10, 50 and 100 m away to the road. The site differed in traffic density and showed discrepency in its amount in time. (site 1 decrease, site 2 increase of traffic density). Hence, samples were collected in September 2005 and September 2013. Total trace metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) concentration was determined. Total trace metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) concentration varied widely depending on plant species, distance to the road and traffic density: 0.6–14.5 mg•kg-1 Cr, 0.1–10.3 mg•kg-1 Ni, 0.5–17.3 mg•kg-1 Cu, 21.1–124.2 mg•kg-1 Zn, 0.1–6.0 mg•kg-1 Cd, 0.1–7.3 mg•kg-1 Pb. Generally, the distance to the road influenced metal concentration in both plant species, which slightly decreased with the increase of distance. The concentration of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd i Pb on 5 m were 0.7–14.5, 0.2–5.0, 0.7–3.3, 0.4–3.1, 0.3–2.7 and 0.5–6.0 times higher than on 100m distance to the road. Also metal concentration showed differences according to traffic density. On site 1 on the road of decreased traffic density, the concentration of Cr, Ni, Cd in the common dandelion collected in 2013 was lower than in 2005 by about 5 times, 3 times and 2 times, respectively; and the concentration of Cr, Ni and Pb in the Norway spruce was 3 times lower. Whereas, on site 2 of increased traffic density, the concentration of Ni, Cd, Zn and Pb in the common dandelion collected in 2013 was higher than in 2005 by respectively 3, 7, 3 and 1.5 times; and the concentration of Ni, Cu, Cd and Pb in the Norway spruce was respectively 5, 1.5, 4 and 1.2 times higher differences in trace metal levels between two plant studied species were observed. The common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) accumulated 1.5, 1.1, 3, 1.6, 7.3 and 2 times higher amounts of Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb than the Norway spruce (Picea abies) and is regarded as a better phytoindicator of traffic pollution.

PL

Celem oznaczenia zanieczyszczeń komunikacyjnych wzdłuż drogi Kraków – Zakopane zostały przeprowadzone badania oparte na bioindykacji. Do badania zostały wykorzystane dwa gatunki roślin: mniszek lekarski (Taraxacum officinale F. H. Wigg.) i świerk pospolity (Picea abies (L.) H. Karst). Próbki zostały pobrane w obrębie dwóch stanowisk oddalonych o 5, 10, 50 i 100 m od krawędzi jezdni. Stanowiska różniły się natężeniem ruchu, jak i zmiennością ruchu w zależności od czasu (stanowisko 1 – o obniżonym natężeniu ruchu, a stanowisko 2 – o zwiększonym natężeniu ruchu). Próbki zostały pobrane we wrześniu 2005 i wrześniu 2013. Następnie wyznaczona została całkowita zawartość metali śladowych (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn). Całkowita zawartość metali śladowych (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) różniła się w zależności od gatunku rośliny, odległości od krawędzi drogi i natężenia ruchu: 0,6–14,5 mg•kg-1 Cr, 0,1–10,3 mg•kg-1 Ni, 0,5–17,3 mg•kg-1 Cu, 21,1–124,2 mg•kg-1 Zn, 0,1–6,0 mg•kg-1 Cd i 0,1–7,3 mg•kg-1 Pb. Ogólnie odległość od krawędzi drogi wpłynęła na zawartość metali śladowych w obu gatunkach roślin, która nieznacznie spadła wraz ze wzrostem odległości. Zawartość Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd i Pb w odległości 5 m były odpowiednio 0,7–14,5; 0,2–5,0; 0,7–3,3; 0,4–3,1; 0,3–2,7 i 0,5–6,0 razy wyższe niż w odległości 100 m od krawędzi drogi. Również zawartość metali różniła się w zależności od natężenia ruchu. Na stanowisku numer 1, na odcinku drogi o obniżonym natężeniu ruchu, zawartość Cr, Ni i Cd w mniszku lekarskim zebranym w 2013 roku była mniejsza niż w 2005 roku odpowiednio 5, 3 i 2 razy; a zawartość Cr, Ni i Pb w świerku pospolitym była 3 razy niższa. Natomiast na stanowisku numer 2, o zwiększonym natężeniu ruchu, zawartość Ni, Zn i Pb w mniszku lekarskim zebranym w 2013 roku była wyższa niż w 2005 roku odpowiednio 3, 7, 3 i 1,5 razy; a zawartość Ni, Cu, Cd i Pb w świerku pospolitym była odpowiednio 5; 1,5; 4 i 1,2 razy wyższa. Zaobserwowano różnice w poziomie zawartości metali śladowych między badanymi gatunkami roślin. Mniszek lekarski (Taraxacum officinale) zawierał odpowiednio 1,5; 1,1; 3; 1,6; 7,3 i 2 razy więcej Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd i Pb niż świerk pospolity (Picea abies), dlatego uważa się go za lepszy bioindykator zanieczyszczeń komunikacyjnych.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

traffic pollution; phytoindicators; trace metals

PL

zanieczyszczenia komunikacyjne; bioindykator; metale śladowe

• Wydawca: Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Poznański Instytut Technologiczny
• Czasopismo: Logistyka
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: nr 4
• Strony: 4486--4495, CD6
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 50 poz., rys., wykr., wz.

Twórcy

autor

Korzeniowska J.

• Pedagogical University of Cracow, Faculty of Geography and Biology, Department of Sustainability and Environmental Management

autor

Panek E.

• AGH University of Science and Technology, Cracow, Faculty of Mining Surveying and Environmental Engineering, Department of Environmental Management and Protection

autor

Baran A.

• University of Agriculture in Cracow, Faculty of Agriculture and Economics, Departmentnof Agricultural and Environmental Chemistry

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