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This paper demonstrates an influence of the anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) emission trend on climate talks aimed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The influence of commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, undertaken by the largest emitter countries within the framework of international treaties (the Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement), on the fossil energy consumption and CO 2 emissions from the combustion of various types of fuel by these countries has been analyzed. Emissions from the European Union (EU), as well as consumption of renewable and alternative energy sources by countries are beyond the subject of this paper. The paper focuses on the obligations that the largest emitters of greenhouse gas emissions are ready to undertake in order to achieve carbon neutrality by 2050. The impact of the country’s choice of the base year on its ambitious climate action to reduce emissions has been evaluated. Challenges that the countries may face in the implementation of the Net Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector, developed by the International Energy Agency (IEA), have been identified.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
145--156
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 49 poz.
Twórcy
autor
- Dr Eng.; Department of Heat-Physical Problems of Heat Supply Systems, Institute of Engineering Thermophysics of National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, 2a, Marii Kapnist, 03057 Kyiv, Ukraine
Bibliografia
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- [2] Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/wg1/
- [3] The State of the Global Climate 2020 https://public.wmo.int/en/our-mandate/climate/wmo-statement-state-of-global-climate.
- [4] WMO GREENHOUSE GAS BULLETIN No. 16 | 23 November 2020 https://library.wmo.int/doc_num.php?explnum_id=10437
- [5] The first part of the Sixth Assessment Report, Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/downloads/report/IPCC_AR6_WGI_SPM.pdf
- [6] Trends in atmospheric concentrations of CO 2 (ppm), CH 4 (ppb) and N2O (ppb), between 1800 and 2017 https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/daviz/atmospheric-concentration-of-carbon-dioxide-5#tab-chart_6
- [7] Mauna Loa carbon dioxide forecast for 2021 https://www.metoffice.gov.uk/research/climate/seasonal-to-decadal/long-range/forecasts/co2-forecast
- [8] Carbon dioxide peaks near 420 parts per million at Mauna Loa observatory https://research.noaa.gov/article/ArtMID/587/ArticleID/2764/Coronavirus-response-barely-slows-rising-carbon-dioxide
- [9] UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE https://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/background_publications_htmlpdf/application/pdf/conveng.pdf
- [10] KYOTO PROTOCOL TO THE UNITED NATIONS FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE https://unfccc.int/resource/docs/convkp/kpeng.pdf
- [11] IEA (2020), CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion: Overview https://www.iea.org/reports/co2-emissions-from-fuel-combustion-overview
- [12] CO 2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion Highlights https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/co2-emissions-from-fuel-combustion-highlights
- [13] PARIS AGREEMENT https://unfccc.int/sites/default/files/English_paris_agreement.pdf
- [14] NDC Registry https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/NDCStaging/Pages/All.Aspx
- [15] https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.ATM.METH.KT.CE
- [16] China Oil and Gas Enterprises Methane Emission Control Alliance) https://www.cnooc.com.cn/art/2021/5/19/art_6261_15314940.html
- [17] Methane release from carbonate rock formations in the Siberian permafrost area during and after the 2020 heat wave https://www.pnas.org/content/118/32/e2107632118
- [18] HTTPS://UNFCCC.INT/PROCESS-AND-MEET-INGS/TRANSPARENCY-AND-REPORTING/GREENHOUSE-GAS-DATA/FREQUENTLY-ASKED-QUESTIONS/GLOBAL-WARMING-POTENTIALS-IPCC-FOURTH-ASSESSMENT-REPORT
- [19] https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.ATM.NOXE.KT.CE
- [20] https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/EN.ATM.HFCG.KT.CE
- [21] (UNEP) Emissions Gap Report 2020 https://www.unep.org/emissions-gap-report-2020
- [22] Net Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector https://www.iea.org/reports/net-zero-by-2050
- [23] CARBIS BAY G7 SUMMIT COMMUNIQUÉ Our Shared Agenda for Global Action to Build Back Better https://www.g7uk.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Carbis-Bay-G7-Summit-Communique-PDF-430KB-25-pages-5.pdf
- [24] Statistical Review of World Energy 2021 | 70th edition https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/business-sites/en/global/corporate/pdfs/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-stats-review-2021-coal.pdf
- [25] https://minenergo.gov.ru/node/1026
- [26] https://economy.gov.ru/material/file/babacbb75d32d90e28d3298582d13a75/proekt_strategii.pdf
- [27] CARBIS BAY G7 SUMMIT COMMUNIQUÉ https://www.g7uk.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/Carbis-Bay-G7-Summit-Communique-PDF-430KB-25-pages-1-2.pdf
- [28] Statement by the UK Presidency of the G7 The Road to COP https://www.g7uk.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/The-Road-to-COP-Statement-by-the-UK-Presidency-of-the-G7-PDF-418KB-8- pages-.pdf
- [29] The United States of America Nationally Determined Contribution https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/United%20States%20of%20America%20First/United%20States%20NDC%20April%2021%202021%20Final.pdf
- [30] Submission of Japan’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/Japan%20First/SUBMISSION%20OF%20JAPAN'S%20NATIONALLY%20DETERMINED%20CONTRIBUTION%20(NDC).PDF
- [31] Submission by Germany and the European Commission on behalf of the European Union and its Member States https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/European%20Union%20First/EU_NDC_Submission_December%202020.pdf
- [32] United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland’s Nationally Determined Contribution https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/United%20Kingdom%20of%20Great%20Britain%20and%20Northern%20Ireland%20First/UK%20Nationally%20Determined%20Contribution.pdf
- [33] 5 Key Takeaways from India’s New Climate Plan (INDC) https://www.wri.org/insights/5-key-take-aways-indias-new-climate-plan-indc
- [34] Submission under the Paris Agreement. The Republic of Korea’s Update of its First Nationally Determined Contribution https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/Republic%20of%20Korea%20First/201230_ROK%27s%20Update%20of%20its%20First%20NDC_editorial%20change.pdf
- [35] South Africa’s Intended Nationally Determined Contribution (INDC) https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/South%20Africa%20First/South%20Africa.pdf
- [36] IEA Executive Director and China’s Special Envoy on Climate Change discuss global efforts to reach net-zero emissions https://www.iea.org/news/iea-executive-director-and-china-s-special-envoy-on-climate-change-discuss-global-efforts-to-reach-net-zero-emissions
- [37] Enhanced Actions on Climate Change: China’s Intended Nationally Determined Contributions https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/China%20First/China’s%20First%20NDC%20Submission.pdf
- [38] China to control, phase down coal consumption in next decade: Xi http://www.xinhuanet.com/english/2021-04/22/c_139899306.htm
- [39] Mexico’s Nationally Determined Contributions 2020 Update https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/Mexico%20First/NDC-Eng-Dec30.pdf
- [40] Paris Agreement. Brazil’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/Brazil%20First/Brazil%20First%20NDC%20(Updated%20submission).pdf
- [41] Nationally Determined Contribution of the Russian Federation https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/Russia%20First/NDC_RF_eng.pdf
- [42] Updated Nationally Determined Contribution of Ukraine to the Paris Agreement https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/Ukraine%20First/Ukraine%20NDC_July%2031.pdf
- [43] The Intended Nationally Determined Contribution of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia under the UNFCCC https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/Saudi%20Arabia%20First/KSA-INDCs%20English.pdf
- [44] First Nationally Determined Contribution Republic of Indonesia https://www4.unfccc.int/sites/ndcstaging/PublishedDocuments/Indonesia%20First/First%20NDC%20Indonesia_submitted%20to%20UNFCCC%20Set_November%20%202016.pdf
- [45] Sigal, O.I.& Pavliuk, N.Y. (2012) Vuhletsevi perspektyvy: vyklyky dlia Ukrainy Carbon prospects: challenges for Ukraine Thermophysics and thermal power engineering, 34(6), 78-85.
- [46] Matyukhina, A. & Pavluk, N. (2017) Zmina klimatu jak globalna problema sucasnosti: vyklyky ta slahi virisenna (filosofskij aspekt) (Climate change as a global problem of modernity: challenges and ways of solving (philosophical aspect)) Proceedings of the National Aviation University, 26(2), 89-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18372/2412-2157.26.12709
- [47] Surface air temperature for May 2021 https://climate.copernicus.eu/surface-air-temperature-may-2021
- [48] IPCC Special Report on “Global Warming of 1.5°C”. https://www.ipcc.ch/site/assets/uploads/sites/2/2019/06/SR15_Full_Report_High_Res.pdf
- [49] Structure of Electricity Production and Consumption in Ukraine https://kosatka.media/category/elektroenergiya/analytics/generaciya-i-potreblenie-elektroenergii-v-yanvare-avguste-2020-goda
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
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