Animal mimicry for covert communication with arbitrary output distribution: beyond the assumption of ignorance

• Autorzy: Zuber Krzysztof Władysław , Opieliński Krzysztof J.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The paper describes a new method of embedding human communication in acoustic sequences mimicking animal communication. This is done to ensure a low probability of detection (LPD) transfer of covert messages. The proposed scheme mimics not only individual sounds, but also the imitated species’ communication structure. This paper presents a step forward in animal communication mimicry - from pure vocal imitation without regard for the plausibility of communication’s structure, through Zipf’s law-preserving scheme, to the mimicry of a known communication structure. Unlike previous methods, the updated scheme does not rely on third parties’ ignorance of the imitated species’ communication structure beyond Zipf’s law - instead, the new method enables one to encode information in a known zeroth-order Markov model. The paper describes a method of encoding an arbitrary message in a syntactically plausible, species-specific sequence of animal sounds through evolutionary means. A comparison with the previous iteration of the method is also presented.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

animal mimicry; covert communication; hidden Markov model

PL

mimikra zwierzęca; komunikacja ukryta; ukryty model Markowa

• Wydawca: Poznan University of Technology. Institute of Applied Mechanics
• Czasopismo: Vibrations in Physical Systems
• Rocznik: 2019
• Tom: Vol. 30, nr 1
• Strony: art. no. 2019119
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 10 poz., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Zuber Krzysztof Władysław

• Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland

autor

Opieliński Krzysztof J.

• Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland

Bibliografia

• 1. S. Liu, G. Qiao, A. Ismail, Covert underwater acoustic communication using dolphin sounds, J Acoust Soc Am, 133(4) (2013) EL300 - EL306.
• 2. A. Kershenbaum et al., Acoustic sequences in non-human animals: a tutorial review and prospectus, Biol Rev, 91(1) (2016) 13 - 52.
• 3. B. McCowan, S. F. Hanser, L. R. Doyle, Quantitative tools for comparing animal communication systems: information theory applied to bottlenose dolphin whistle repertoires, Anim Behav, 57 (1999) 409 - 419.
• 4. R. Ferrer-i-Cancho, B. McCowan, A law of word meaning in dolphin whistle types, Entropy, 11 (2009) 688 - 701.
• 5. L. R. Doyle. Animal Communications, Information Theory, and the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI). [Online]. https://www.seti.org/setiinstitute/animal-communication-information-theory-and-seti.
• 6. J. Kanwal, et al., Zipf's law of abbreviation and the principle of least effort language users optimise a miniature lexicon for efficient communication, Cognition, 165 (2017) 45 - 52.
• 7. K. W. Zuber, K. J. Opieliński, Animal mimicry in covert underwater communication application of syntax generation and simulated genome method, in 2018 Joint Conference - Acoustics, Ustka, 2018, 1 - 5.
• 8. K. Katahira et al., Complex sequencing rules of birdsong can be explained by simple hidden Markov processes, PLoS ONE, 6(9) (2011) 1 - 9.
• 9. A. R. Luis, M. N. Couchinho, M. E. dos Santos, A quantitative analysis of pulsed signals emitted by wild bottlenose dolphins, PLOS one, 11(7) (2016) 1 - 11.
• 10. L. R. Rabiner, A tutorial on hidden Markov models and selected applications in speech recognition, Proc. of the IEEE, 77(2) (1989) 257 - 286.

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2020).