Technical Notes : Practical Concerns Associated with Single-Number Ratings in Measuring Sound Transmission Loss Properties of Partition Panels

• Autorzy: Garg N. , Kumar A. , Maji S.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The paper presents an extensive review investigating the practical aspects related to the use of single- number ratings used in describing the sound insulation performance of partition wall panels and practical complications encountered in precise measurements in extensive frequency range from 50 Hz to 5 kHz. SWOT analysis of various single number ratings is described. A laboratory investigation on a double wall partition panel combination revealed the significant dependence of STC rating on transmission loss at 125 Hz attributed to 8 dB rule. An investigation conducted on devising alternative spectrums of aircraft noise, traffic noise, vehicular horn noise and elevated metro train noise as an extension to ISO 717-1 Ctr for ascertaining the sound insulation properties of materials exclusively towards these noise sources revealed that the single-number rating Rw + Ctr calculated using ISO 717-1 Ctr gives the minimum sound insulation, when compared with Rw + Cx calculated using the alternative spectrums of aircraft noise, traffic noise, etc., which means that material provides a higher sound insulation to the other noise sources. It is also observed that spectrum adaptation term Cx calculated using the spectrum of noise sources having high sound pressure levels in lower frequencies decreases as compared to ISO 717-1 Ctr owing to significant dependence of Ctr at lower frequencies.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Sound Transmission Loss; Sound Transmission Class; spectrum adaptation terms; ISO 717-1; weighted sound reduction index; spectrum adaptation term corresponding to noise source; Cx; TL; STC

• Wydawca: Instytut Podstawowych Problemów Techniki PAN ; Komitet Akustyki PAN ; Polskie Towarzystwo Akustyczne
• Czasopismo: Archives of Acoustics
• Rocznik: 2013
• Tom: Vol. 38, No. 1
• Strony: 115--124
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 46 poz., tab., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Garg N.

• Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Delhi Technological University Delhi – 110 042, India
• Apex Level Standards and Industrial Metrology Division CSIR – National Physical Laboratory New Delhi-110 012, India

autor

Kumar A.

• Apex Level Standards and Industrial Metrology Division CSIR – National Physical Laboratory New Delhi-110 012, India

autor

Maji S.

• Department of Mechanical and Production Engineering, Delhi Technological University Delhi – 110 042, India

Bibliografia

• 1. American Society of Testing Materials, ASTM E413-87 (1999), Classification for Rating Sound Insulation.
• 2. Balachandran C. G. (1959), Random sound field in reverberation chambers, J. Acoustical Society of America, 31, 10, 1319-1321.
• 3. Bradley J. S., Birta J. A. (2000), Laboratory measurements of the sound insulation of building façade elements, IRC Internal Report, IRC IR-818.
• 4. Bravo T., Elliott S. J. (2004), Variability of low frequency sound transmission measurements, J. Acoustical Society of America, 115, 6, 2986-2997.
• 5. Buratti C., Moretti E., Vergoni M. (2010), Sound insulation performances of windows: Evaluation of the influence of different traffic noise spectra in laboratory and field measurement, Proceedings of 17th International Congress on Sound and Vibration, Cairo.
• 6. Buratti C., Moretti E. (2010), Traffic noise pollution : spectra characteristics and windows sound insulation in laboratory and field measurements, J. of Environmental Science and Engineering, 4, 12, 28-36.
• 7. Clark D. M. (1970), Subjective study of sound transmission class system for rating building partitions, J. Acoustical Society of America, 47, 3, 676-682.
• 8. Cook R. K., Waterhouse R. V., Berendt R. D., Edelman S., Thompson M. C. (1955), Measurement of correlation coefficients in reverberant sound fields, J. Acoustical Society of America, 27, 1072-1077.
• 9. Cremer L., Müller H. A., Schultz T. J. (1982), Principles and application of Room Acoustics, Vol. 1, Applied Science Publishers.
• 10. Davy J. L. (2004), Insulating buildings against transportation noise, Proceedings of annual conference of Australian Acoustical Society, 3rd to 5th November, Gold Coast, Australia.
• 11. European Standard, EN 1793-3 (1997), Road trafficnoise reducing devices-Test method for determining theacoustic performance, Part 3: Normalized traffic noisespectrum.
• 12. Fitzell R. J., Fricke F. R. (2004), 2004 changes to the BCA - Are they a step forward, Proc. of Acoustics 2004, pp. 151-156, 3rd to 5th November, 2004, Gold Coast, Australia.
• 13. Garg N., Sharma O., Maji S. (2011), Experimental investigations on sound insulation through single, double and triple window glazing for traffic noise abatement, J. of Scientific and Industrial Research, 78, 471-478.
• 14. Gover B. N., Bradley J. S. (2004), Measures for assessing architectural speech security (privacy) of closed offices and meeting rooms, J. Acoustical Society of America, 116, 6, 3480-3490.
• 15. Goydke H., Siebert B. R. L., Scholl W. (2003), Considerations on the evaluation of uncertainty values of building acoustic single number quantities, EuroNoise, Naples.
• 16. Green Glue Company (n.d), Retrieved from http:// www.greengluecompany.com/understandingSTC.php.
• 17. Halliwell R. E., Nightingale T. R. T., Warnock A. C. C., Birta J. A. (1998), Gypsum board walls: Transmission loss data, NRC Report No. IRCIR-761.
• 18. International Organization for Standardization, ISO 717-1 (1996), Acoustics - Rating of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements, Part 1: Air borne sound insulation, Switzerland.
• 19. International Organization for Standardization, ISO 140-3 (1995), Acoustics, Measurement of sound insulation in buildings and of building elements, Part 3:Laboratory measurements of airborne sound insulation of building elements, Switzerland.
• 20. International Organization for Standardization, ISO 3741 (2010), Acoustics, Determination of sound power levels and sound energy levels of noise sources using sound pressure, Precision methods for reverberation test rooms, Switzerland.
• 21. Koyasu M., Tachibana H. (1990), Subjective tests on assessment of sound insulation efficiencies of building facades, Internoise, 155-158.
• 22. Lang J. (1997), A round robin on sound insulation in buildings, Applied Acoustics, 52, 225-238.
• 23. Maluski P. S., Gibbs B. (2000), Application of a finite-element model to low-frequency sound insulation in dwellings, J. Acoustical Society of America, 108, 1741-1751.
• 24. Nélisse H., Nicolas J. (1997), Characterization of a diffuse field in a reverberant room, J. Acoustical Society of America, 101, 6, 3517-3524.
• 25. NT ACOU 061-1987, traffic noise reduction indices, http://www.nordicinnovation.net/nordtestfiles/acou061.pdf.
• 26. Osipov A., Mees P., Vermeir G. (1997), Low frequency airborne sound transmission through single partitions in buildings, Applied Acoustics, 52, 273-288.
• 27. Park H. K., Bradley J. S. (2009), Evaluating standard airborne sound insulation measures in terms of annoyance, loudness and audibility ratings, J. Acoustical Society of America, 126, 1, 208-219.
• 28. Park H. K., Bradley J. S., Grover B. N. (2008a), Evaluating airborne sound insulation in terms of speech intelligibility, J. Acoustical Society of America, 123, 3, 1458-1471.
• 29. Park H. K., Bradley J. S., Gover B. N. (2008b), Rating airborne sound insulation in terms of the annoyance and loudness of transmitted speech and music sounds, IRC RR-242, http://www.irc.nrc-cnrc.gc.ca.
• 30. Pancholy M., Chhapgar A. F., Sharma O. (1977), Construction of a reverberation chamber at National Physical Laboratory of India, J. Acoustical Society of India, V, 27-33.
• 31. Patterson M. J. (2004), Recent changes to the sound insulation provisions of the Building code of Australia, Proc. of Acoustics, 3rd to 5th November, Gold Coast, Australia.
• 32. Pedersen D. B., Roland J., Raabe G., Maysenhölder W. (2000), Measurement of low-frequency sound insulation of building components, Acta Acustica united with Acustica, 86, 495-505.
• 33. Rasmussen B. (2010), Sound insulation between dwellings - Requirements in building regulations in Europe, Applied Acoustics, 71, 373-385.
• 34. Rasmussen B., Rindel J. H. (2010), Sound insulation between dwellings - Descriptors applied in building regulations in Europe, Applied Acoustics, 71, 171-180.
• 35. Rindel J. H. (2003), On the influence of low frequencies on the annoyance of noise from neighbours, Proceedings Inter-noise, Seogwipo, Korea.
• 36. Roland J. (1995), Adaptation of existing test facilities to low frequency measurements, Proceedings of Inter noise 95, pp. 1113-1116, Newport Beach, CA.
• 37. Scholl W., Lang J., Wittstock V. (2011), Rating of Sound Insulation at Present and in Future. The Revision of ISO 717, Acta Acustica united with Acustica, 97, 686-698.
• 38. Scholl W., Wittstock V. (2012), Does it matter whether single-number values of sound reduction indices are evaluated from third-octave band values or from octave band values?, Acta Acustica united with Acustica, 98, 354-360.
• 39. Schroeder M. R. (1962), Frequency-correlation functions of frequency responses in rooms, J. Acoustical Society of America, 34, 1819-1823.
• 40. Schroeder M. R. (1996), The “Schroeder frequency”revisited, J. Acoustical Society of America, 99, 5, 3240-3241.
• 41. Smith R. S., Mackenzie R., Mackenzie R., Waters-Fuller T. (2003), The implications of ISO717 spectrum adaptation terms for residential buildings, Proceedings of the Institute of Acoustics, 25, Pt. 5.
• 42. Smith R. S., Macdonald R., Lurcock D., Mackenzie R. K. (2007), Sensitivity analysis of ISO 717-1spectrum adaptation terms, Proceedings of Institute of Acoustics, 29, Pt. 3.
• 43. Tachibana H., Hamado, Y., Sato F. (1988), Loud ness evaluation of sounds transmitted through walls -Basic experiments with artificial sounds, J. Sound Vibration, 127, 3, 499-506.
• 44. Vian J.-P., Danner W. F., Bauer J. W. (1983), Assessment of significant acoustical parameters for rating sound insulation of party walls, J. Acoustical Society of America, 73, 1236-1243.
• 45. Warnock A. C. C. (2004), Forward and reverse transmission loss measurements, The 33rd International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering, Inter noise, Prague, August, 22-25.
• 46. Wittstock V. (2007), On the uncertainty of Single-Number Quantities for Rating Airborne Sound Insulation, Acta Acustica united with Acustica, 93, 375-386.