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What Factors can Influence the Expansion of Protected Areas around the World in the Context of International Environmental and Development Goals?

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Warianty tytułu
PL
Jakie czynniki mogą wpływać na poszerzanie obszarów chronionych na świecie w kontekście międzynarodowych celów środowiskowych oraz rozwojowych
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
The protection of biodiversity is an integral part of sustainable development. All the major international environmental and development programs – Aichi Biodiversity Targets, Millennium Development Goals and Sustainable Development Goals – have committed countries to conserving valuable ecosystems by ensuring that a certain proportion of their terrestrial and marine areas are protected. While many countries have registered improvements in their coverage of protected areas, a significant number are behind in their targets. This paper attempts to shed light on the role of various factors in nature conservation which go beyond the performances of individual countries. Regression analyses were performed on variables that could influence the coverage of protected areas. The main findings point to the significance of economic development, whereas other factors remain less relevant. Although the level of economic development corresponds to the protected areas on an individual country level, it does not automatically ensure a slowdown in biodiversity loss.
PL
Ochrona bioróżnorodności jest nieodłączną częścią zrównoważonego rozwoju. Wszystkie znaczące międzynarodowe programy ekologii i rozwoju – Cele Aichi (Aichi Biodiversity Targets), Milenijne Cele Rozwoju (Millennium Development Goals) oraz Cele Zrównoważonego Rozwoju (Sustainable Development Goals) – zobowiązały kraje do ochrony cennych ekosystemów poprzez zapewnienie, że pewne części ich lądowych oraz morskich obszarów będą podlegały ochronie. Wiele krajów zanotowało wzrost zasięgu ich obszarów chronionych, jednak wiele innych nie osiąga zamierzonych celów. Niniejszy artykuł koncentruje się na ogólnej próbie analizy różnych czynników wpływających na ochronę środowiska związanych z ochroną środowiska. Wykorzystano analizę regresji zastosowaną wobec zmiennych, które mogą wpływać na przyjmowaną powierzchnię obszarów chronionych. Przeprowadzone badania wskazują na znaczącą rolę rozwoju ekonomicznego, podczas gdy inne czynniki wydają się mniej znaczące. Chociaż stopień rozwoju ekonomicznego odpowiada wielkości chronionych obszarów na poziomie poszczególnych krajów, nie oznacza to automatycznie spowolnienie tempa ubytku bioróżnorodności.
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Strony
145--157
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 40 poz., tab.
Twórcy
  • Department of Development and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
  • Department of Development and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
autor
  • Department of Development and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
autor
  • Department of Development and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
Bibliografia
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  • 3. BROCKINGTON D., WILKIE D., 2015, Protected areas and poverty, in: Phil. Trans. R. Soc., B 370: 20140271.
  • 4. BRUNER A.G., GULLISON R.E., RICE R.E., DA FONSECA G.A.B., 2001, Effectiveness of parks in protecting tropical biodiversity, in: Science, vol. 291, p. 125-128.
  • 5. BUTCHART, et al., 2010, Global Biodiversity: Indicators of Recent Declines, in: Science, vol. 328, p. 1164-1168.
  • 6. CBD, 2010, The Strategic Plan for Biodiversity 2011-2020 and the Aichi Biodiversity Targets. Decision X/2, https://www.cbd.int/doc/decisions/cop-10/cop-10-dec-02-en.pdf (6.06.2016).
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  • 8. DIETZ S., ADGER W.N., 2003, Economic growth, biodiversity loss and conservation effort. Journal of Environmental Management, vol. 68, no. 1, p. 23-35.
  • 9. DUDLEY N., 2008, Guidelines for Applying Protected Area Management Categories, IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.
  • 10. DYTRTOVÁ K., ŠARAPATKA B., OPRŠAL Z., 2016, Does Organic Farming Influence Landscape Composition? Two Cases from the Czech Republic, in: Agroecology and Sustainable Food Systems, vol. 40, no. 7, p. 714-735.
  • 11. FAO, 2016, GeoNetwork. Land use system of the world. 2010, http://www.fao.org/geonetwork/srv/en/ metadata.show?id=37139# (21.05.2016).
  • 12. FREEDOM HOUSE, 2016, Individual country ratings and status, Freedom in the World 1973–2015, https://freedomhouse.org/report-types/freedom-wor ld (4.3.2016).
  • 13. GIDDINGS B., HOPWOOD B., O’BRIAN G., 2002, Environment, economy and society: fitting them together into sustainable development, in: Sustainable Development, vol. 10, no. 4, p. 187-196.
  • 14. HAJER M., et al., 2015, Beyond Cockpit-ism: Four Insights to Enhance the Transformative Potential of the Sustainable Development Goals, in: Sustainability, vol. 7, no. 2, p. 1651-1660.
  • 15. HERITAGE FOUNDATION, 2016, Index of Economic Freedom: Explore the data, http://www.heritage.org/index/explore?view=by-region-country-year (6.3.2016).
  • 16. HOEKSTRA J.M., BOUCHER T.M., RICKETTS T.H., ROBERTS C., 2005, Confronting a biome crisis: global disparities of habitat loss and protection, in: Ecology Letters, vol. 8, no. 23-29.
  • 17. IUCN, 2010, Biodiversity indicators and the 2010 Target: Experiences and lessons learnt from the 2010 Biodiversity Indicators Partnership. Technical Series No. 53. Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Montréal, Canada.
  • 18. IUCN, 2015, Protected areas are vital for human health and well-being, https://www.iucn.org/sites/ dev/files/import/downloads/natural_solutions_pas_h ealth_and_well_being.pdf (23.10.2016).
  • 19. IUCN, 2017, Vision and mission, https://www.iucn. org/regions/asia/about/vision-and-mission (13.01. 2017).
  • 20. JENKINS C. N., VAN HOUTAN K. S., PIMM S. L., SEXTON J.O., 2015, US protected lands mismatch biodiversity priorities, in: PNAS, vol. 112, no. 16, p. 5081-5086.
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  • 22. JOPPA L.N., PFAFF A., 2009, High and Far: Biases in the Location of Protected Areas, in: PLoS ONE, vol. 4, no. 12, e8273.
  • 23. LEBEDA P., 2015, MDGs, SDGs and the change of paradigm, in: Development, Environment and Foresight, vol. 2, no. 73-76.
  • 24. LEVERINGTON F., et al., 2010, A Global Analysis of Protected Area Management Effectiveness, in: Environ. Manage., vol. 46, p. 685-698.
  • 25. MACE G.M., BAILLIE J.E.M., 2007, The 2010 biodiversity indicators: Challenges for science and policy, in: Conservation Biology, vol. 21, p. 1406-1413.
  • 26. MAIORANO L., FALCUCCI A., BOITANI L., 2006, Gap analysis of terrestrial vertebrates in Italy: Priorities for conservation planning in a human dominated landscape, in: Biological Conservation, vol. 133, 455-473.
  • 27. NAUGHTON-TREVES L., HOLLAND M.B., BRANDON K., 2005, The role of protected areas in conserving biodiversity and sustaining local livelihoods, in: Annu. Rev. Environ. Resour., vol. 30, p. 219-252.
  • 28. OECD, 2008, OECD Key Environmental Indicators, OECD Environment Directorate, Paris.
  • 29. OPRŠAL Z., KLADIVO P., MACHAR I., 2016, The role of selected biophysical factors in longterm land-use change of cultural landscape, in: Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, vol. 14, no. 2, p. 23-40.
  • 30. PEREIRA H.M., et al., 2013, Essential Biodiversity Variables, in: Science, vol. 339, p. 277-278.
  • 31. REES W.E., 2003, Economic development and environmental protection: an ecological economics perspective, in. Environ. Monit. Assess., vol. 86, no. 1-2, p. 29-45.
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  • 33. SAOUT S.L., et al., 2004, Protected Areas and Effective Biodiversity Conservation, in: Science, vol. 342, p. 803-805.
  • 34. SCOTT J., et al., 2001, Nature reserves: Do they capture the full range of America's biological diversity?, in: Ecological Applications, vol. 11, p. 999-1007.
  • 35. SMITH R.J., et al., 2003, Governance and the loss of biodiversity, in: Nature, vol. 426, p. 67-70.
  • 36. SYROVÁTKA M., HÁK T., 2015, Measuring rich-country policies toward the global environment: A critical analysis of the environmental component of the Commitment to Development Index, in: Journal of Environment & Development, vol. 24, no. 1, p. 105-128.
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Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
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