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The growing importance of creating appropriate safeguards in electronic systems forces design of integrated circuits dedicated for cryptographic purposes. The paper focuses on True Random Number Generator (TRNG) circuits design allowing generation of random bit stream. Presented TRNG architecture uses low frequency high-noise oscillator for sampling high frequency clock signal. The article also describes a method for obtaining a high noise level in the oscillator. Achieved bit rate of designed TRNG equals 1 Mb/s. The circuit dissipates 144 μW. The design of the TRNG, simulation and measurement results of the manufactured IC chips have been described in the paper also. TRNG circuit has been implemented in 180 nm CMOS technology.
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24
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Bibliogr., 12 poz., fot., rys., tab.
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- Warsaw University of Technology
autor
- Techinsights Europe Sp. z o.o. Poland
autor
- Warsaw University of Technology
autor
- Warsaw University of Technology
autor
- Warsaw University of Technology
autor
- Warsaw University of Technology
Bibliografia
- [1] C. S. Petrie and J. A. Connelly, "A noise-based IC random number generator for applications in cryptography," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Fundamental Theory and Applications, vol. 47, no. 5, pp. 615-621, May 2000.
- [2] G. K. Balachandran, R. E. Barnett and J. A. Connelly, "A 440-nA true random number generator for passive RFID tags," IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, vol. 55, no. 11, pp. 3723-3732, Nov. 2008.
- [3] M. Derlecki, K. Siwiec, P. Narczyk and W. A. Pleskacz, "Design of a True Random Number Generator Based on Low Power Oscillator with Increased Jitter," 2019 IEEE 22nd International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits & Systems (DDECS), Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 2019, pp. 1-4, https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS.2019.8724643
- [4] M. Łukaszewicz, T. Borejko and W. A. Pleskacz, "A resistorless current reference source for 65 nm CMOS technology with low sensitivity to process, supply voltage and temperature variations," 14th IEEE International Symposium on Design and Diagnostics of Electronic Circuits and Systems (DDECS), Cottbus, Germany, 2011, pp. 75-79, https://doi.org/10.1109/DDECS.2011.5783051
- [5] M. Bucci, L. Germani, R. Luzzi, A. Trifiletti and M. Varanonuovo, "A high‑speed oscillator‑based truly random number source for cryptographic applications on a smart card IC," IEEE Transactions on Computers, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 403-409, Apr. 2003.
- [6] W. Che, Z. Bi, J. Wang, N. Yan, X. Tan, J. Wang and H. Min, "A 1.04 μW truly random number generator for Gen2 RFID tag," in 2009 IEEE Asian Solid‑State Circuits Conference (ASSCC), Taiwan, Nov. 2009, pp. 117-120, https://doi.org/10.1109/ASSCC.2009.5357193
- [7] R. S. Assaad and J. Silva‑Martinez, "The Recycling Folded Cascode: A General Enhancement of the Folded Cascode Amplifier," IEEE Journal of Solid‑State Circuits, vol. 44, no. 9, pp. 2535-2542, Sept. 2009, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSSC.2009.2024819
- [8] E. Bejar, J. Saldana, E. Raygada and C. Silva, "On the jitter‑to‑fast‑clock‑period ratio in oscillator‑based true random number generators," in Proc. 24th IEEE Int. Conf. Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS), Batumi, Georgia, Dec. 2017, pp. 243-246, https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.2017.8292100
- [9] C. Guo, Y. Zhou, H. Liu and N. Zhu, "On the jitter and entropy of the oscillator‑based random source," in Proc. 7th International Conference on Computer, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCNT), Jul. 2015.
- [10] A. Emira, E. Sanchez-Sinencio and M. Schneider, "Design tradeoffs of CMOS current mirrors using one-equation for all-region model," 2002 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems. Proceedings (Cat. No.02CH37353), Phoenix-Scottsdale, AZ, USA, 2002, pp. V-V, https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCAS.2002.1010636
- [11] L. N. Alves and R. L. Aguiar, "Noise performance of classical current mirrors," in Proc. 9th IEEE International Conference on Electronics, Circuits and Systems (ICECS), vol. 1, Dubrovnik, Croatia, Sept. 2002, pp. 277-280, https://doi.org/10.1109/ICECS.2002.1045387
- [12] A. L. Rukhin, J. Soto, J. R. Nechvatal, M. E. Smid, E. B. Barker, S. D. Leigh, M. Levenson, M. Vangel, D. L. Banks, A. Heckert, J. F. Dray Jr. and S. C. Vo, "A Statistical Test Suite for Random and Pseudorandom Number Generators for Cryptographic Applications," NIST Special Publication 800‑22, April 2010.
Uwagi
This work was supported in part by the Polish National Center for Research and Development under project No. CYBERSECIDENT/369203/I/NCBR/2017.
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Bibliografia
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bwmeta1.element.baztech-ed741dea-4f28-4abf-9160-01947fa370e3
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