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Tytuł artykułu

Functional safety analysis including human factors

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Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
In this paper selected aspects of human factors are discussed that should be taken into account during the design of safety-related functions for a complex hazardous installation and its protections. In such installations the layer of protection analysis (LOPA) methodology is often used for simplified risk analysis based on defined accident scenarios. To control the risk the safety instrumented functions (SIFs) are identified and their safety integrity levels (SILs) determined with regard to results of risk assessment. Given SIF is to be realised by the electric/ electronic/ programmable electronic system (E/E/PES) or safety instrumented system (SIS) and the human-operator. The SIL is to be verified according to requirements and criteria given in international standards IEC 61508 and IEC 61511. Selected issues related to designing the alarm system (AS) with regard to human factors are outlined. Some aspects of human reliability analysis (HRA) as a part of human-machine interface (HMI) assessing and probabilistic modelling of the system are shortly discussed.
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
251--264
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 30 poz., rys., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
  • Gdańsk University of Technology
Bibliografia
  • [1] Byers, J. C., Gertman, D. I., Hill, S. G., Blackman H. S., Gentillon, C. D., Hallbert, B. P. & Haney, L. N. (2000). Simplified Plant Analysis Risk (SPAR) Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) methodology: comparison with other HRA methods. International Ergonomics Association and Human Factors & Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting (July 31-August 4).
  • [2] Carey, M. (2001). Proposed Framework for Addressing Human Factors in IEC 61508. Prepared by Amey VECTRA Ltd. for Health and Safety Executive (HSE), U.K. Contract Research Report 373.
  • [3] COA (1998). Critical Operator Actions – Human Reliability Modeling and Data Issues. Nuclear Safety, NEA/CSNI/R(98)1. OECD Nuclear Energy Agency.
  • [4] Dougherty, E. M. & Fragola, J. R. (1988). Human Reliability Analysis: A Systems Engineering Approach with Nuclear Power Plant Applications. A Wiley-Interscience Publication, New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
  • [5] EEMUA (2007). Publication 191: Alarm Systems, A Guide to Design, Management and Procurement (Edition 2). The Engineering Equipment and Materials Users’ Association. London.
  • [6] Embrey, D. E. (1992). Incorporating Management and Organisational Factors into Probabilistic Safety Assessment. Reliability Engineering and System Safety 38, 199-208.
  • [7] Froome, P. & Jones, C. (2002). Developing advisory software to comply with IEC 61508. Contract Research Report 419. HSE Books.
  • [8] Gertman, I. D. & Blackman, H. S. (1994). Human Reliability and Safety Analysis Data Handbook. New York: A Wiley-Interscience Publication.
  • [9] HERA (2002). Short Report on Human Performance Models and Taxonomies of Human Error in ATM. European Organisation for the Safety of Air Navigation. Brussels: EATMP Infocentre, Eurocontrol Headquarters.
  • [10] Hickling, E. M., King, A. G. & Bell, R. (2006). Human Factors in Electrical, Electronic and Programmable Electronic Safety-Related Systems. A work supported by Health and Safety Executive (HSE) U.K.
  • [11] Hollnagel, E. (1987). Information and reasoning in intelligent decision support systems. Int. J. Man-Machine Studies 27, 665-678.
  • [12] Hollnagel, E. (1992). The reliability of manmachine interaction. Reliability Engineering and System Safety 38, 81-89.
  • [13] Hollnagel, E. (2005). Human reliability assessment in context. Nuclear Engineering and Technology, Vol. 37, No. 2, 159-166.
  • [14] Humphreys, P. (ed.) (1988). Human Reliability Assessor Guide. RTS 88/95Q, Safety and Reliability Directorate, U.K.
  • [15] IEC 61508:2000. Functional Safety of Electrical/ Electronic/ Programmable Electronic Safety-Related Systems, Parts 1-7. International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva.
  • [16] IEC 61511:2003. Functional safety: Safety Instrumented Systems for the Process Industry Sector. Parts 1-3. International Electrotechnical Commission, Geneva.
  • [17] Kosmowski, K. T., Degen, G., Mertens, J. & Reer, B. (1994). Development of Advanced Methods and Related Software for Human Reliability Evaluation within Probabilistic Safety Analyses. Jülich: Berichte des Forschunszentrum 2928.
  • [18] Kosmowski, K. T. (1995). Issues of the human reliability analysis in the context of probabilistic studies. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, Vol. 1:3, 276-293.
  • [19] Kosmowski, K. T., Kwiesielewicz, M. (2002). Hierarchical influence diagrams for incorporating human and organisational factors in risk assessment of hazardous industrial systems. Risk Decision and Policy Vol. 7, 25-34.
  • [20] Kosmowski, K. T. (2004). Incorporation of human and organizational factors into qualitative and quantitative risk analyses. Proceedings of the International Conference on Probabilistic Safety Assessment and Management (PSAM 7 – ESREL ’04), Berlin: Springer, 2048-2053.
  • [21] Kosmowski, K. T. (2006). Functional Safety Concept for Hazardous System and New Challenges. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 19, 298-305.
  • [22] Kosmowski, K. T. (2007). Functional Safety Management in Critical Systems. Gdańsk University of Technology. Wydawnictwo: Fundacja Rozwoju Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego. Gdańsk.
  • [23] LOPA 2001. Layer of Protection Analysis, Simplified Process Risk Assessment. Center for Chemical Process Safety. New York: American Institute of Chemical Engineers.
  • [24] Rasmussen, J. (1983). Skills, rules, knowledge; signals, signs and symbols and other distinctions on human performance models. IEEE Transaction on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, SMC-13/3.
  • [25] Rasmussen, J. & Goodstein, L. P. (1985). Decision support in supervisory control. IFAC man-Machine Systems. Varsese, Italy.
  • [26] Rasmussen, J. & Svedung, I. (2000). Proactive Risk Management in a Dynamic Society. Swedish Rescue Services Agency, Karlstad.
  • [27] Reason, J. (1990). Human Error. Cambridge University Press.
  • [28] Richei, A., Koch, M. K. & Unger, H. (1999). Application of the procedure HEROS fort he evaluation and optimization of a man-machinesystem within the PSA for NPP. Safety and Reliability, Schuëller & Kafka (eds), Balkema, Rotterdam.
  • [29] SPAR-H, (2005). Human Reliability Analysis (HRA) Method, NUREG/CR-6883, INL/EXT-05-00509, USNRC.
  • [30] Swain, A. D. & Guttmann, H. E. (1983). Handbook of Human Reliability Analysis with Emphasis on Nuclear Power Plant Application. NUREG/CR-1278.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-ecf54782-dcb1-476c-aa99-503fc31773e3
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