20 years of experience of state aid for energy in Poland after accession to European Union

• Autorzy: Ambroziak Adam A. , Grzegorzewska Beata

Warianty tytułu

EN

20 lat doświadczeń w udzielaniu pomocy publicznej na cele związane z energią w Polsce po przystąpieniu do Unii Europejskiej

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

When joining the EU, Poland, like all the other Member States, committed to adapting to EU requirements, including in the area of energy sources. In this context, a crucial question arises regarding the state's role in sharing the costs borne by the main players in energy-related industries. Thus, the aim of the study was to assess the alignment of state aid policy for energy in Poland with EU objectives in the context of energy transition. To this end, we conducted a statistical analysis of the evolution of such support in Poland. We found out that Polish state aid interventions for energy were mainly focused on addressing immediate problems, while far fewer have been supported to promote clean technologies in a long term.

PL

Polska, przystępując do UE, podobnie jak wszystkie inne państwa członkowskie, zobowiązała się do dostosowania do wymogów unijnych, w tym w zakresie źródeł energii. W tym kontekście pojawia się istotne pytanie o rolę państwa w podziale kosztów ponoszonych przez głównych graczy w branżach związanych z energetyką. Celem badania była zatem ocena dostosowania polityki pomocy publicznej dla energetyki w Polsce do celów UE w kontekście transformacji energetycznej. Przeprowadziliśmy analizę statystyczną ewolucji takiego wsparcia w Polsce. Okazało się, że polskie interwencje w zakresie pomocy publicznej dla energetyki koncentrowały się głównie na rozwiązywaniu najpilniej szych bieżących problemów, podczas gdy znacznie mniej Wsparcia przeznaczono długofalowo na promowanie czystych technologii.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

Poland; European Union; state aid; energy; ETS; RSE

PL

Polska; Unia Europejska; pomoc państwa; energia; ETS; OZE

• Wydawca: KAPRINT
• Czasopismo: Rynek Energii
• Rocznik: 2025
• Tom: Nr 5
• Strony: 76--85
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 38 poz., fig.

Twórcy

autor

Ambroziak Adam A.

• SGH - Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4618-8497

autor

Grzegorzewska Beata

• SGH - Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie

• https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8747-3622

Bibliografia

• [1] Ambroziak, A. A. (2024). State aid in Poland after accession to the European Union - Twenty years of financial interventions in the market economy. In A. A. Ambroziak (Ed.), Poland in the European Union. 20 years of membership. Experience and foresight (pp. xx—xx). SGH Publishing House.
• [2] Ambroziak, A. A., & Grzegorzewska, B. (2023). State aid policy for environmental protection in Poland after accession to the European Union: Did it meet expectations in the face of challenges? Przeglad Europejski - European Studies Quarterly, 3, 95-109. https ././doi org/10.31338/1641-2478pe.3.23 .6
• [3] Ambroziak, A. A.,Grzegorzewska, B.,& Kopeć, A. (2022). Evolution of R&D state aid 1n Ęoland m the context of Multlannual Financial Perspectives. Przeglad Europejski, 4, 3 1-48. https .//doi. org/10 3133 8/ 1641 2-478pe. 4. 22.3
• [4] Banet, C. (2020). Legal status and legal effects of the Commission’s State Aid Guidelines: The case of the guidelines on State aid for environmental protection and energy (EEAG) (2014—2020). European State Aid Law Quarterly, 19(2), 172-184.
• [5] Couture, T., & Gagnon, Y. (2010). An analysis of feed-in tariff remuneration models: Implications for renewable Energy investment. Energy Policy, 38(2), 955-965.
• [6] Czosnyka, M., & Wnukowska, B. (2022). The capacity market and its impact on electricity charges. Przegląd Elektrotechniczny, 98(3), 136-140.
• [7] Directive 2003/87/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 October 2003 establishing a scheme for greenhouse gas emission allowance trading within the Community and amending Council Directive 96/61/EC, Official Journal, L275, 25.10.2003, 32-46.
• [8] European Commission. (1994). Community guidelines on state aid for environmental protection (1994/C 72/03). Official Journal C 72, 10.03.1994, 3-9.
• [9] European Commission. (2001). Community guidelines on state aid for environmental protection. Official Journal C 37, 3.2.2001, 3-15.
• [10] European Commission. (2005). State aid action plan: Less and better targeted state aid - A roadmap for state aid reform 2005-2009 (COM(2005)0107 final).
• [11] European Commission. (2007). Decision of 25 September 2007 on state aid awarded by Poland as part of power purchase agreements and the state aid which Poland is planning to award concerning compensation for the voluntary termination of power purchase agreements (2009/287/EC).
• [12] European Commission. (2008). Community guidelines on state aid for environmental protection. Official Journal C 82, 1 4 2008, 1-33.
• [13L European Commission. (2014a). State aid decision SA. 34674(2013/N): Derogation under Article 10c of D1rect1ve 2003/87/EC -Free allowances for electricity producers. C(2013) 6648 final, 22. 01.2.014
• [14] European Commission. (2014b). Guidelines on state aid for environmental protection and energy 2014-2020. Official Journal C 200, 28.6.2014, 1-55.
• [15] European Commission (2014c). Regulation (EU) No 651/2014 of 17 June 2014 declaring certain categories of aid compatible with the internal market in application of Articles 107 and 108 of the Treaty, OJ L 187, 26.6.2014, p. 1—-78.
• [16] European Commission. (2015). State aid decision SA.43229: Aid for high-efficiency cogeneration systems and promotion of energy from renewable sources under regional operational programmes 2014—2020, extended by SA.59143 and SA.101607.
• [17] European Commission. (2016). State aid decision SA.37345(2015/NN): Polish system of green certificates to support renewable energy sources and reduce the burden on energy-intensive users.
• [18] European Commission. (2018). State aid decision SA.46100(2017/N): Planned Polish capacity mechanism. C(2018) 601 final, 7.2.2018
• [19] European Commission. (2018a). State aid decision SA.51852(2018/X), amended by SA.63499(2021/X): Tariffs and premiums for micro and small renewable energy installations.
• [20] European Commission. (2019). State aid decision SA.53850(2019/N): Compensation for energy-intensive sectors and subsectors. C(2019) 6371 fmal, 29.8.2019.
• [21] European Commission. (2020). Communication- Guidelines on certain state aid measures in the context ofthe greenhouse gas emission allowance trading system post-2021, 2020/C 317/04. Official Journal C 317, 25.9.2020, 5-19.
• [22] European Commission. (2022a). State aid decision SA. 64719(2019/N ) Compensation for energy-intensive sectors and subsectors 2021-2030. C(2022) 7445 final, 17.10. 2022.
• [23] European Commission. (2022b). Guidelines on state aid for climate, environmental protection and energy 2022. Official JournalĮ C80, 18..,22022 1-89.
• [24] Ezcurra, M V. (2014). EU state aid and energy policies as an instrument of environmental protection. European State Aid Law. Quarterly, 13(4), 665-676.
• [25] Fornalczyk, M. (2019). The role of state aid audit in obtaining support for high-efficiency cogeneration. Nowa Energia, 1, 19- 20.
• [26] Knook, A.(2023). Energy State aid. In L. de Almeida & J. van Zeben (Eds.), Law in the EU's circular energy system (pp. 226- 238). Edward Elgar Publishing.
• [27] Korbutowicz, T. (2018). EU state aid policy in relation to energy. Entrepreneurship and Management, 19(2), 293-304.
• [28] Olczak, K. (2022). State aid for entrepreneurs producing energy Hom renewable sources. Studia Prawnoustrojowe, 57, 409-419.
• [29] Przybylska, M. (2022). Opportunities for the development of renewable energy outside the auction system: Legal conditions for concluding PPA contracts. Folia Iuridica Universitatis Wratislaviensis, 11(2), 62-72.
• [30] Righini, E., & De Gasperi, G. C. (2019). Survey- The application of EU state aid law in the energy sector. Journal of European Competition Law & Practice, 10(1), 53-68.
• [31] Segura, M., & Clayton, M. (2023). The new environmental and energy state aid guidelines: One year in place. ERA Forum, 24(1), 135-147.
• [32] Stoczkiewicz, M. (2022). Assessment of the admissibility of state aid for investments in the energy sector in light of environmental protection rules: Reflections on the CJEU judgment 1n the Hinkley Point C case. Administrative Studies, 16(2), 29-42.
• [33] Superson-Polowiec, B., & Jurzyk, N. (2016). Aggregation of projects aimed at improving energy efficiency by independent entities and white certificates in light ofthe new Energy Efficiency Act. Scientific Journals of the Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 95, 81--92.
• [34] Ustawa z dnia 10 kwietnia 1997 r.- Prawo energetyczne [Energy Law], Dz.U. z 2024 r. poz. 266.
• [35] Ustawa z dnia 20 lutego 2015 r. o odnawialnych źródłach energii [Renewable Energy Sources Act], Dz.U. 2015, poz. 478.
• [36] Ustawa z dnia 29 czerwca 2007 r. o zasadach pokrywania kosztów. .. [On cost coverage for early termiation of long-term i power agreements], Dz.U. z 2022 r., poz. 311.
• [37] Ustawa z dnia 8 grudnia 2017 r. o rynku mocy [Capacity Market Act], Dz.U. 2018, poz. 9.
• [38] Verouden, V. (2015). EU state aid control. European State Aid Law Quarterly, 14(4), 459-464.