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The slow steaming practice : implications for charter agreements
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Abstrakty
The practice of slow steaming, i.e. deliberate reduction of the speed of cargo ships in order to minimize fuel consumption and carbon emissions, has become increasingly popular since the beginning of the economic crisis in 2008. The definition of slow steaming, its determinants and benefits as well as disadvantages can be found in the introduction to the paper. Further on, the issue of vessel speed in the context of charter parties and carrier’s obligation to proceed voyage with a due dispatch has been discussed. Notwithstanding the prevailing advantages of slow steaming for the ocean carriers, the practice poses both technical and legal problems, which, to some extent, can be solved by incorporating appropriate clauses to the charter parties. The elaboration of the most important slow steaming clauses, which have been developed by BIMCO for both time and voyage charter, constitutes the main part of the article. Attention is also drawn to the virtual arrival clause and the possibility of sharing the profits from the speed reduction. The article concludes that owners as well as charterers should be aware of some of the limitations of the clauses and consider additional insurance cover if necessary.
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Tom
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 16 poz., tab., pełen tekst na CD
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autor
- Akademia Morska w Gdyni
Bibliografia
- Adland R., Speed choice in the Capesize sector: An empirical survey across routes and loading conditions, IAME conference proceedings, 2013.
- BIMCO Special Circular No 7/23 December 2011.
- BIMCO Special Circular No. 5/31 July 2012.
- BIMCO Special Circular No. 9/4 October 2013.
- CE Delft, The ICCT, M. Tsimplis, Regulated Slow Steaming in Maritime Transport: An Assessment of Options, Costs and Benefits, Report, CE Delft, Delft, February 2012.
- Cooke J., Young T., Ashcroft M., Taylor A., Kimball J., Martowski D., Lambert L., Sturley M., Voyage charters, Informa Law from Routlege, London, 2014.
- Klopott M., Współpraca w łańcuchach dostaw na rzecz poprawy ich walorów ekologicznych – przykład portów morskich, „Logistyka” 4/2009.
- Kodeks morski, Ustawa z dnia 18 września 2001 r., Dz.U. 2001 Nr 138 poz. 1545.
- Maloni M., Jomon Aliyas P., Grigor D. Slow steaming impacts on ocean carriers and shippers, „Maritime Economics & Logistics”, 2013, Vol. 15, 2, 151–171.
- MAN PrimeServ, Slow Steaming Practices in the Global Shipping Industry, Results of a survey conducted by MAN PrimeServ in late 2011 among representatives of the global container, bulk and tanker shipping industry, MAN PrimeServ 2012.
- Młynarczyk J., Prawo morskie, Wydawnictwo Infotrade, Gdańsk 1998.
- Psaraftis H., Kontovas, C., Bridging the Energy Efficiency Gap in Shipping: The case of Principal-Agent Problems in operational emission reduction measures, IAME conference proceedings, 2013.
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- Psaraftis H., Kontovas C., CO2 emission statistics for the world commercial fleet, „WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs”, 2009, 8(1): 1–18.
- The Charterers P&I Club, Circular to Assured No. 001/2012.
- Virtual Arrival Optimising Voyage Management and Reducing Vessel Emissions - an Emissions Management Framework, OCIMF November 2010.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
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bwmeta1.element.baztech-eb08afff-b6ef-4edf-8873-01f8a9602750