Ecotoxicity of Pyrolytic Carbon Produced by Pyrolysis of Municipal and Industrial Waste

• Autorzy: Cernecka J. , Skrobankova H. , Raclavska H. , Heliova K. , Bendova M.

Warianty tytułu

PL

Ekotoksyczność karbonizatu z pirolizy odpadów komunalnych i przemysłowych

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The samples of pyrolytic carbon from Burgau Waste Pyrolysis Plant (Germany) produced by pyrolysis of municipal, industrial and special waste were monitored in terms of ecotoxicity. Collembola (springtails) were selected for reproductive bioassay. After 28 days’ incubation of juveniles, the value of EC50 was determined for selected metals. The study indicates the lowest sensitivity of Folsomia candida to iron (1.689 mg/kg dry matter correspond to EC50). The relative sensitivity for other metals can be expressed in form of a series: Fe < Zn = Cu < Pb < Mn < Ni = Cd. The highest sensitivity was found for cadmium (1.2 mg/kg dry matter). Pyrolytic carbon from MPA Burgau contains high concentrations of chlorides, which cause inhibition of reproduction of Folsomia candida and therefore represent a limiting factor for determination of ecotoxicity of heavy metals in Folsomia candida. The index of acute toxicity EC50 was obtained for concentration of 500 mg/kg chlorides in dry matter.

PL

Próbki karbonizatu z Burgau Waste Pyrolysis Plant (Niemcy) wytwarzanego podczas pirolizy odpadów komunalnych, przemysłowych i specjalnych były badane pod kątem ekotoksyczności. Do badań biologicznych rozmnażania wybrano Collembola (skoczogonki). Po 28 dniach inkubacji młodych, ustalono wartość EC50 dla wybranych metali. Badanie wykazało najniższą wrażliwość Folsomia candida na żelazo (1,689 mg/kg suchej masy w stosunku do EC50). Relatywna wrażliwość na inne metale może zostać zaprezentowana jako Fe < Zn = Cu < Pb < Mn < Ni = Cd. Najwyższą wrażliwość stwierdzono dla kadmu (1,2 mg/kg suchej masy). Karbonizat z MPA Burgau zawiera wysokie stężenia chlorków, które powodują zahamowanie reprodukcji Folsomia candida a zatem jest ograniczonym wskaźnikiem ekotoksyczności metali ciężkich. Wskaźnik toksyczności ostrej EC50 otrzymano dla stężenia 500 mg/kg chlorków w suchej masie.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

biochar; pyrolytic carbon; Collembola; heavy metals; ecotoxicity; inhibition of reproduction

PL

biowęgiel; karbonizat; Collembola; metale ciężkie; ekotoksyczność; zahamowanie rozmnażania

• Wydawca: Polskie Towarzystwo Przeróbki Kopalin
• Czasopismo: Inżynieria Mineralna
• Rocznik: 2017
• Tom: R. 18, nr 1
• Strony: 119--124
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 16 poz., tab., wykr., zdj.

Twórcy

autor

Cernecka J.

• VSB – Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of Mining and Geology, 17. listopadu Str. 15, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic

autor

Skrobankova H.

• Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of Mining and Geology, 17. listopadu Str. 15, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic

autor

Raclavska H.

• VSB – Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of Mining and Geology, 17. listopadu Str. 15, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic

autor

Heliova K.

• VSB – Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of Mining and Geology, 17. listopadu Str. 15, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic

autor

Bendova M.

• VSB – Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of Mining and Geology, 17. listopadu Str. 15, Ostrava-Poruba, Czech Republic

Bibliografia

• 1. BROCK, Theo M. Priorities to improve the ecological risk assessment and management for pesticides in surface water. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management, 9, 2013, p. 64-74.
• 2. BUSH, Daniela et al. Genotoxic and phytotoxic risk assessment of fresh and treated hydrochar from hydrothermal carbonization compared to biochar from pyrolysis. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, vol. 97, 2013, p. 59–66.
• 3. DI BLASSI, Colomba. Modeling chemical and physical processes of wood and biomass pyrolysis. Progress in Energy and Combustiton Science, 34(1), 2008, p. 47–90.
• 4. DOMENE, Xavier et al. Ecotoxicological characterization of biochar: Role of feedstock and pyrolysis temperature. Science of The Total Environment, 512-513, 2015, p. 552–561.
• 5. HALE, Sarah E. et al. Short-term effect of the soil amendments activated carbon, biochar, and ferric oxyhydroxide on bacteria and invertebrates. Environmental Science and Technology, 47(15), 2013, p. 8674–8683.
• 6. HARDER, Marie K. and FORTON, Oatric Tening. A critical review of developments in the pyrolysis of automotive shredder residue. Jourmal of Analytic and Applied Pyrolysis, 79(1-2), 2007, p. 287–394.
• 7. INTERNATIONAL BIOCHAR INITIATIVE. Standardized Product Definition and Product Testing Guidelines for Biochar That Is Used in Soil, 2016.
• 8. LAIRD, David et al. Biochar impact on nutrient leaching from a Midwest agricultural soil. Geoderma, 1158(3-4), 2010, p. 436–442.
• 9. LEHMANN, Johannes and JOSEPH, Stephen. Biochar for environmental management: science and technology. 1st edition. Sterling, VA: Earthscan, 2009, XXXII, p. 416, ISBN 18-440-7658-X.
• 10. LIESCH, Amanda M. et al. Impact of two different biochars on earthworm growth and survival. Annals of Environmental Science, 4, 2010, p. 1–9.
• 11. LOCK, Koen and JANSSEN, Colin R. Comparative toxicity of a zinc salt, zinc powder and zinc oxide to Eisenia fetida, Enchytraeus albidus and Folsomia candida. Chemosphere, 53 (8), 2003, p. 853–856.
• 12. MARKS, Evan A. N. et al. Biochars provoke diverse soil mesofauna reproductive responses inlaboratory bioassays. European Journal of Soil Biology, 60, 2014, p. 104–111.
• 13. MCCORMAC, Sarah A. et al. Biochar in bioenergy cropping systems: Impacts on soil faunal communities and linked ecosystem processes. GCB Bioenergy, 5(2), 2013, p. 81–95.
• 14. OWOJORI, Olugbenga J. et al. Comparative study of the effects of salinity on life-cycle parameters of four soil-dwelling species (Folsomia candida, Enchytraeus doerjesi, Eisenia fetida and Aporrectodea caliginosa). Pedobiologia, 52, 2008, p. 351–360.
• 15. PEREIRA, Carla S. et al. Effect of NaCl and seawater induced dalinity on survival and reproduction of three soil invertebrate species. Chemosphere, 135, 2015, p. 116–122.
• 16. ROGOVSKA, Natalia et al. Germination tests for assessing biochar quality. Journal of Environmental Quality, 41(4), 2012, p. 1014–1022.

Uwagi

Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (zadania 2017).