Characterization of galvanized steel-low alloy steel arc stud welded joint

• Autorzy: Abbas S. J. , Alali M. , Abbas M. H. , Abbas W. S.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.5604/01.3001.0053.6707

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Purpose: This paper investigates the possibility of successfully welding a Low Alloy Steel (LAS) stud to Galvanized Steel (GS) plate. Design/methodology/approach: Arc Stud Welding (ASW) was performed on joining LAS studs to GS plates. Welding parameters were selected based on weld trails. The first tests of the welded joints were based on visual inspection for welding defects such as lack of fusion and undercut welding defects. The good quality should be free of these defects and have full weld reinforcement. Other weld qualifications included torque strength test, microhardness test, and microstructure examination. Findings: The LAS studs have been successfully welded to a galvanized steel plate using the arc stud welding process. Higher welding current with adjusted welding time (800 A, 0.3 s) gave full weld reinforcement, the best joint appearance, and strength. Martensite phase was detected in the weld area and heat affected zone (HAZ), affecting the joint mechanical properties. Hardness property varied across the welded joint, and maximum hardness was recorded at the HAZ at the stud side. Hardness increased with the increasing welding current. At 800 A, welding current hardness was 10% higher than at 400 and 600 A. Torque strength was affected by weld reinforcement, and 800 A gave the best weld reinforcement that produced the highest torque strength. Research limitations/implications: The main research limitation is the difficulty of welding LAS studs and GS plates. In conventional welding methods, such as gas metal arc welding, it is hard to get full weld penetration due to the geometry restrictions of the joint, which results in partial weld penetration between the studs and the plates. Furthermore, the issue of zinc evaporation during welding can be reduced by the advantage of the very high welding speed (in milliseconds) of ASW that overcomes the problem of continuous welding that usually results in the formation of harmful porosities and poor weldability. Originality/value: In this research, galvanized steel plates were successfully welded to LAS studs using the ASW process. The welding parameters for this dissimilar welding joint were carefully selected. Microstructure changing due to the welding process was investigated. The joint mechanical properties were evaluated.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

arc stud welding; dissimilar welding; low alloy steel; galvanized steel; martensite; HAZ; heat-affected zone

PL

spawanie łukowe; stal niskostopowa; stal ocynkowana; martenzyt; strefa wpływu ciepła; SWC

• Wydawca: International OCSCO World Press
• Czasopismo: Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering
• Rocznik: 2023
• Tom: Vol. 117, nr 2
• Strony: 79--85
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 13 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Abbas S. J.

• Babylon Technical Institute, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, 51009 Babylon, Iraq

autor

Alali M.

• Department of Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kufa, 32001 Najaf, Iraq

• https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2058-2784

autor

Abbas M. H.

• Ministry of Oil, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Midland Oil Company, Baghdad, Iraq

autor

Abbas W. S.

• Babylon Technical Institute, Al-Furat Al-Awsat Technical University, 51009 Babylon, Iraq

Bibliografia

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• [3] W.-Q. Jiang, Y.-P. Liu, S.-L. Chan, Z.-Q. Wang, Direct Analysis of an Ultrahigh-Voltage Lattice Transmission Tower Considering Joint Effects, Journal of Structural Engineering 143/5 (2017) 04017009. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)ST.1943-541X.0001736
• [4] A. Magda, M. Burca, M. Lego, Research Regarding Capacitor Discharge Stud Welding with Tip Ignition on Galvanized Thin Sheets, IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 416 (2018) 012015. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/416/1/012015
• [5] G. Chen, L. Mei, M. Zhang, Y. Zhang, Z. Wang, Research on key influence factors of laser overlap welding of automobile body galvanized steel, Optics and Laser Technology 45 (2013) 726-733. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2012.05.002
• [6] G. Livelli, T. Langill, Guidelines for welding galvanized steel, PCI Journal 43/3 (1998) 40-48. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15554/pcij.05011998.40.48
• [7] Y.D. Chung, H. Fujii, R. Ueji, N. Tsuji, Friction stir welding of high carbon steel with excellent toughness and ductility, Scripta Materialia 63/2 (2010) 223-226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.03.060
• [8] M.M.Z. Ahmed, M.M. El-Sayed Seleman, K. Touileb, I. Albaijan, M.I.A. Habba, Microstructure, Crystallographic Texture, and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Mild Steel for Shipbuilding Applications, Materials 15/8 (2022) 2905. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma15082905
• [9] M.H. Abass, A.N. Abood, M. Alali, S.K. Hussein, S.A. Nawi, Mechanical Properties And Microstructure Evolution in Arc Stud Welding Joints of AISI 1020 with AISI 316L and AISI 304, Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis 10/3 (2021) 321-333. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13632-021-00744-8
• [10] M.H. Abass, M.S. Alali, W.S. Abbas, A.A. Shehab, Study of solidification behaviour and mechanical properties of arc stud welded AISI 316L stainless steel, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 97/1 (2019) 5-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7944
• [11] M. Alali, M.H. Abass, W.S. Abbas, A.A. Shehab, Effect of nickel powder buffering layer on microstructure and hardness properties of high carbon steel/stainless steel arc stud welding, Materials Research 23/1 (2020) e20190567. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-5373-MR-2019-0567
• [12] E.N. Abbas, S. Omran, M. Alali, M.H. Abass, A.N. Abood, Dissimilar Welding of AISI 309 Stainless Steel to AISI 1020 Carbon Steel Using Arc Stud Welding, Proceedings of the 2018 International Conference on Advanced Science and Engineering “ICOASE”, Duhok, Iraq, 2018, 462-467. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICOASE.2018.8548844
• [13] B. Białobrzeska, R. Dziurka, A. Żak, P. Bała, The influence of austenitization temperature on phase transformations of supercooled austenite in low-alloy steels with high resistance to abrasion wear, Archives of Civil and Mechanical Engineering 18/2 (2018) 413-429. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acme.2017.09.004

Uwagi

PL

Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa nr SONP/SP/546092/2022 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2024).