Efekty mieszania w wybranych zagadnieniach procesów inżynierii produktu

Makowski, Ł.

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Tytuł artykułu

Efekty mieszania w wybranych zagadnieniach procesów inżynierii produktu

Autorzy

Makowski Ł.

Identyfikatory

Warianty tytułu

Effects of mixing in selected problems of product engineering processes

Języki publikacji

Abstrakty

Praca prezentuje możliwości kontrolowania końcowych cech produktu chemicznego poprzez dobór warunków prowadzenia procesu, a w szczególności warunków mieszania reagentów. Przedstawiono sposoby i wyniki modelowania połączone z doświadczalną weryfikacją wpływu mieszania na przebieg złożonych procesów chemicznych na przykładzie charakterystycznych procesów: realizacji równoległych i procesu precypitacji. W ostatnich latach do modelowania procesów chemicznych wykorzystuje się obliczeniową mechanikę płynów, obserwowany zaś współcześnie wzrost wydajności komputerów pozwolił na zastosowanie zaawansowanych modeli, takich jak modele wielkowirowe. W pierwszej części pracy przedstawiono możliwości modelowania przepływu burzliwego, wykazując ograniczenia modelowania bezpośredniego i pokazując, te modele wielkowirowe są rozsądną alternatywą pomiędzy jakością uzyskiwanych wyników a wymogami co do niezbędnej mocy obliczeniowej. Określono również warunki koniecz.ne do spełnienia dotyczące rozdzielczości przestrzennej i czasowej oraz opisano kryteria zbieżności obliczeń numerycznych. W dalszej części pracy skupiono się na przedstawieniu wybranych modeli podsiatkowych dla przepływu i mieszania pasywnego chemicznie trasera. Modelowanie mieszania burzliwego z jednoczesną reakcją chemiczną oparto na metodzie zamknięcia wykorzystującej funkcję gotowości prawdopodobieństwa aproksymowaną przez funkcję beta. Jako reakcje testowe wybrano układ równoległych reakcji chemicznych zobojętniania zasady sodowej kwasem solnym i zasadową hydrolizę chlorooctanu etylu oraz proces precypitacji siarczanu baru następujący po zmieszaniu wodnych roztworów siarczanu sodu i chlorku baru. Przebieg wybranych procesów w pierwszej kolejności rozważano w reaktorach zbiornikowych z mieszadłem turbinowo-tarczowym o działaniu ciągłym i półokresowym. Obliczenia wykonano z wykorzystaniem modeli opartych na uśrednieniu Reynoldsa połączonych z modelem mieszalnika burzliwego i hipotezą zamykającą. Wyniki modelowe porównano z danymi doświadczalnymi, uzyskanymi zarówno z nieinwazyjnych pomiarów laserowych, takich jak anemometria laserowa, anemometria obrazowa, laserowo indukowana fluorescencja, jak i wartościami określającymi własności końcowe produktów, takimi jak końcowa selektywność reakcji i średni rozmiar cząstek. Następnie przedstawiono zastosowanie modeli wielkowirowych do symulacji przebiegu wyżej wymienionych procesów w dwóch typach reaktorów przepływowych: reaktorze kanałowym z dozowaniem poprzecznym oraz reaktorze rurowym wyposażonym w głowicę zderzeniową typu T-mieszalnik. W pracy zaproponowano nową procedurę modelowania mieszania z reakcją chemiczną z użyciem modeli wielkowirowych. Dobra zgodność wyników teoretycznych i doświadczalnych potwierdziła jej poprawność. Wynikiem niniejszej pracy jest opracowanie metod opisu matematycznego wpływu mieszania na przebieg złożonych procesów w reaktorach chemicznych, co daje możliwość przewidywania własności końcowych produktów, takich jak selektywność reakcji, morfologia i rozmiar cząstek. Wykazano również praktyczne możliwości stosowania modeli wielkowirowych w procesach inżynierii chemicznej i procesowej.

The paper focuses on the methods of testing the influence of mixing on product qualities like selectivity, particle size distribution and morphology of the solid product. The practical aspects of these effects arc related to the fact that many chemical reactions leading to desirable intermediate and end-products are accompanied by side reactions producing undesired by-products. To predict, control and optimize mixing effects on chemical reactions, one needs to apply so-called micromixing models and closure methods, usually in combination with CFD. In recent years, large eddy simulation (LES) has become a very attractive method for simulations of reactive flow for a wide range of Reynolds number. It is an intermediate technique between direct numerical simulation (ONS) of turbulent flow and the solution of Reynolds-averaged equations. To evaluate predictions of models describing reactive mixing, one can employ specially designed mixing sensitive test reactions. In this paper, two characteristic processes were considered: a parallel reaction system that includes competitive neutralization of hydrochloric acid and alkaline hydrolysis of the ethyl chloro-acetate and precipitation of barium sulphate from aqueous solutions of barium chloride and sodium sulphate. Consideration of the effects of turbulent mixing on the course of the complex processes starts from modelling of stirred tank reactor of continuous and semibatch mode. In this case the non-equilibrium multiple-time-scale mixing model combined with a standard k-ɛ model and conditional moment closure were included. The obtained predictions were compared with experimental data, fluid velocity was measured using Laser Doppler Anemometry (LOA) and the Particle Image Velocity (PIV) technique, whilst the passive tracer concentration was measured using the Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) technique; also the final product quality was measured: the final selectivity or mean particle diameter. Next, the large eddy simulation method was applied to model the course of complex processes in two reactors: the square channel reactor with the cross dosing section and a tubular reactor with a T-shaped mixing head. The new procedures of subgrid modelling of the course of chemical reactions and precipitation were presented. The simulation results are compared with PIV and PLIF experimental data and With results obtained using the multiple time-scale mixing model combined with the k-ɛ model. All comparisons show a very good performance of the model based on LES. Practical applications of the presented models to predict the course of chemical reactions in different reactor types were presented.

Słowa kluczowe

mieszanie burzliwość modele wielkowirowe obliczeniowa mechanika płynów inżynieria produktu

mixing turbulence large eddy simulation CFD product engineering

Wydawca

Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Warszawskiej

Czasopismo

Prace Wydziału Inżynierii Chemicznej i Procesowej Politechniki Warszawskiej

Rocznik

2013

Tom

Vol. 36, z. 1

Strony

3--166

Opis fizyczny

Bibliogr. 213 poz., rys., wykr.

Twórcy

autor

Makowski Ł.

Wydział Inżynierii Chemicznej i Procesowej

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