Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are additive flame retardants which have found applications in polymers for many consumer plastic and electronic goods. Wide use of these chemicals has led to their extremely high concentrations in the indor environments. This paper presents an exploratory study of the photodebromination of five individual lower polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners (BDE-28, BDE-47, BDE-99, BDE-100 and BDE-101) irradiated with white light and different UV (A, B, C) light ranges. The capability of photodegradation of lower PBDEs under room lights was proven by the debromination which occurred with various effectiveness for the selected PBDE congeners and depended of light source. Almost all PBDE congeners showed the greatest decay when exposed to UV-C, with the exception of BDE-100. The decay of irradiated congeners occurred rapidly during the first 5 min of experiment. The final degradation varied from 38% decay (BDE-28, UV-C) to 94% (BDE-47, UV-C). These findings can help in predicting PBDE behavior in indoors and also be useful in the design of PBDE remediation processes.
Słowa kluczowe
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
180--186
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 23 poz., rys.
Twórcy
autor
- Department of Indoor and Outdoor Air Quality, Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40B, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
Bibliografia
- 1. Ahn M.Y., Filey T.R., Javert C.T., Nies L., Hua I., Bezares-Cruz J., 2006. Photodegradation of decabromodiphenyl ether adsorbed onto clay minerals, metal oxides, and sediments. Environmental Science & Technology 40, 215 – 220.
- 2. Alaee M., Wenning R.J., 2002. The significance of brominated flame retardants in the environment: current understanding, issues and challenges. Chemosphere 46, 579–582.
- 3. Alaee M., Arias P., Sjödin A., Bergman A., 2003. An overview of commercially used brominated flame retardants, their application, their use patterns in different countries/ regions and possible modes of release. Environment International 29, 683–689.
- 4. Allen J., McClean M., Stapleton H., Nelson J., Webster T., 2007. Personal exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in residential indoor air. Environment Science & Technology 41, 4574–4579.
- 5. Ballschmiter K., Zell M., 1980. Analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) by glass capillary gas chromatography. Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry 302, 20–31.
- 6. Barcellos da Rosa M., Krüger H.U., Thomas S., Zetzsch C., 2003. Photolytic debromination and degradation of decabromodiphenyl ether, and exploratory kinetic study in toluene. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 12, 940 – 945.
- 7. Bezares-Cruz J., Jafvert C.T., Hua I., 2004. Solar photodecomposition of decabromodiphenyl ether: products and quantum yield. Environmental Science & Technology 38, 4149 – 4156.
- 8. Butt C.M., Diamond M.L., Ikonomou T.J., 2004. Spatial distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Southern Ontario as measured in indor and outdoor window organic films. Environmental Science & Technology 38, 724–731
- 9. Cetin B., Odobasi M., 2011. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) in indoor and outdoor window organic films in Izmir, Turkey. Journal of Hazardous Materials 185, 784–791.
- 10. Christiansson A., Eriksson J., Techiel D., Bergman A., 2009. Identification and quantification of products formed via photolysis of decabromodiphenyl ether. Environmental Science and Pollution. Research. 16, 312–321.
- 11. Darnerud P.O., Eriksen G.S., Johannesson T., Larsen P., Viluksela M., 2001. Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers: occurrence, dietary exposure, and toxicology. Environmental Health Perspectives 109, 49–68.
- 12. Environmental Heath Criteria 162: Brominated Diphenyl Ethers, Word Heath Organization, Geneva, 1994.
- 13. Eriksson J., Green N., Marsh G., Bergman Å., 2004. Photochemical decomposition of 15 polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners in methanol/water. Environmental Science & Technology 38, 3119–3125.
- 14. Fang L., Huang J., Yu G., Wang L., 2008. Photochemical degradation of six polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners under ultraviolet irradiation in hexane. Chemosphere 71, 258 – 267.
- 15. Granelli L., Eriksson J., Athanasiadou M., Bergman A., 2011. Reductive debromination of nonbrominated diphenyl ethers by sodium borohydride and identification of octabrominated diphenyl ether products. Chemosphere 82, 839–846.
- 16. Harrad S., Hazrati S., Ibarra C., 2006. Concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls in indoor air and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in indoor air and dust in Birmingham, United Kingdom: implications for human exposure. Environmental Science & Technology 40, 4633–4638.
- 17. Kajiwara N., Noma Y., Takigami H., 2008. Photolysis studies of technical decabromodiphenyl ether (DecaBDE) and ethane (DeBDethane) in plastics under natural sunlight. Environmental Science & Technology 42, 4404–4409.
- 18. Peterman P.H., Orazio C.E., Feltz K.P., 2003. Sunlight photolysis of 39 mono-hepta PBDE congeners in lipid. Organohalogen Compounds 63, 357–360.
- 19. Sánchez-Prado L., González-Barreiro C., Lores M., Llompart M., Garcia-Jares C., Cela R., 2005. Photochemical studies of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) technical mixture by solid phase microextraction (SPME). Chemosphere 60, 922–928.
- 20. Schweizer C., Edwards R.D., Bayer-Oglesby l., Gauderman W.J., Ilacqua V., Jantunen M.J., Lai H.K., 2007. Indoor time-microenvironment-activity patterns in seven regions of Europe. Journal of Exposure Science and Environmental Epidemiology 17, 170–181.
- 21. Stapleton H.M., Dodder N. G., 2008. Photodegradation of decabromodiphenyl ether in house dust by natural sunlight. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 27, 306 – 312.
- 22. Tham K.W., 2016. Indoor air quality and its effects on humans – a review of challenges and developments in the last 30 years. Energy and Buildings 130, 637–650.
- 23. World Health Organization, WHO 2014.
Uwagi
Opracowanie ze środków MNiSW w ramach umowy 812/P-DUN/2016 na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (zadania 2017).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-e627ea31-1e34-4f89-ab4a-28084db2ee99