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The use of X-ray diffraction to study the ordered structure of coals
Języki publikacji
Abstrakty
Celem pracy było podsumowanie dotychczasowej wiedzy dotyczącej zastosowania dyfrakcji rentgenowskiej w badaniach struktury węgli i materiałów węglowych. W artykule przedstawiono krótki przegląd prac dotyczących struktury węgli z wykorzystaniem techniki XRD począwszy od pionierskich prac polegających na wizualnych porównaniach rentgenogramów węgla i grafitu, aż do prac w których wykorzystano skomplikowane metody obliczeniowe oraz najnowocześniejszą aparaturę badawczą jaka jest obecnie dostępna na rynku. Zwrócono uwagę na kontrowersje związane z zastosowaniem radialnej funkcji dystrybucji (RDF) w badaniach struktury węgla. Przeanalizowano zmiany strukturalne zachodzące w organicznej substancji węglowej podczas uwęglenia oraz w procesie pirolizy. Uwzględniono zmiany parametru d 002 (odległość międzypłaszczyznowa), charakteryzującego stopień wewnątrzkrystalitowego uporządkowania, jak również parametrów La (średnia średnica) i Lc (średnia wysokość), które dostarczają informacji o wymiarach krystaliów. Stwierdzono, że zmiany strukturalne zachodzące w organicznej masie węgli podczas pirolizy nie zostały jednoznacznie wyjaśnione. W literaturze opisane są sprzeczne wnioski, co do przebiegu zmian zachodzących w organicznej substancji węglowej podczas pirolizy. Zaistniałe niejednoznaczności mogą być wynikiem zarówno różnic w stosowanej metodyce badań, jak również różnic w budowie wyjściowej badanych próbek.
Aim of this study was to summarize the current knowledge on the use of X-ray diffraction studies the structure of coals and carbonaceous materials. The article presents a brief overview of the work on the structure of coals using XRD techniques ranging from the pioneering work involving the visual comparisons of X-ray coal and graphite, to work which uses a complex calculation methods and cutting-edge research equipment which is currently available on the market. Attention was drawn to the controversy associated with the use of the radial distribution function (RDF) in studies of coal structure. Analysis of structural changes in organic carbonaceous material during coalification and pyrolysis was conducted. Special attention is paid to structural changes in the organic carbonaceous material in the process of coal rank and pyrolysis. Includes changes to the parameter characterizing the degree of intracrystalline order d002 (interplanar distances), as well as the parameters of La (average diameter) and Lc (average height), which provide information about the sizes of crystallites.It was found that that the structural changes in the organic coal mass during pyrolysis is not clearly elucidated. Described in the literature are conflicting conclusions as to the course of the changes in the organic substance of coal during pyrolysis. Occurred ambiguity may be due to both differences in applied research methodology, as well as differences in the construction of the initial test samples.
Wydawca
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
63--69
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 39 poz., rys.
Twórcy
Bibliografia
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Bibliografia
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