Karst processes and time

• Autorzy: Bosak Pavel

Warianty tytułu

PL

Procesy krasowe a czas

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Karst evolution depends particularly on the time available for process evolution and on the geographical and geological conditions of the exposure of the rock. The longer the time, the higher the hydraulic gradient and the larger the amount of solvent water entering the karst system, the more evolved is the karst. In general, stratigraphic discontinuities directly influence the intensity and extent of karstification. Unconformities influence the stratigraphy of the karst through the time-span that is available for subaerial processes. The end of karstification can also be viewed from various perspectives. The definite end occurs at the moment when the host rock, together with its karst phenomena, has completely been eroded/denuded. Karst forms of individual evolution stages (cycles) can also be destroyed by erosion, denudation and abrasion without the necessity of the destruction of the whole succession of karst rocks. Temporary and/or final interruption of the karstification process can be caused by the “fossilisation” of the existing karst phenomena due to loss of hydrological activity. The shorter the time available for karstification, the greater is the likelihood that karst phenomena are pre-served in the stratigraphic record. While products of short-lived karstification on shallow carbonate platforms can be preserved by deposition during a immediately succeeding sea-level rise, products of more pronounced karstification can be destroyed by various geomorphological processes. The longer the duration of subaerial exposure, the more complex these geomorphological agents are.

PL

Rozwój procesów krasowych jest funkcją czasu oraz geograficznych i geologicznych warunków odsłonięcia skał. Im dłuższy czas ekspozycji skał na czynniki meteorologiczne, większy gradient hydrauliczny, większa ilość wody w układzie krasowym, tym bardziej zaawansowana jest ewolucja krasu. Intensywność i zasięg krasowienia zależą też od niezgodności stratygraficznych, czyli przerw w sedymentacji. Zakończenie rozwoju procesów krasowych rozpatrywać można w różnych kategoriach. Za definitywny koniec należy uznać czas, gdy skały podlegające krasowieniu ulegną całkowitej denudacji/erozji. O wiele częściej bywa, że zniszczeniu ulegają tylko formy krasowe, natomiast niżej położone skały systemu krasowego pozostają zachowane. Okresowe lub całkowite przerwanie procesów krasowych może być spowodowane przez fosylizację systemu krasowego, która zachodzi w efekcie zaniku aktywności hydrologicznej. Taka fosylizacja może być spowodowana przez metamorfizm, transgresję morską, pogrzebanie osadami kontynentalnymi lub skałami wulkanicznymi, w wyniku np. ruchów tektonicznych, zmiany klimatu, itp. Im krótszy jest czas krasowienia, tym większe jest prawdopodobieństwo zachowania śladów procesów krasowych. I tak, produkty krótkookresowej karstyfikacji na płytkich, okresowo wynurzanych platformach węglanowych mogą ulegać łatwemu zachowaniu poprzez pogrzebanie osadami deponowanymi podczas podniesienia poziomu morza. Natomiast efekty długotrwałego krasowienia bywają często niszczone przez późniejsze degradacyjne procesy geomorfologiczne. Charakter tych ostatnich jest tym bardziej skomplikowany, im dłużej trwa subaeralna ekspozycja skrasowiałych skał.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

karst; speleogenesis; geochronology; unconformities

PL

kras; speleogeneza; geochronologia; niezgodności

• Wydawca: Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza. Instytut Geologii
• Czasopismo: Geologos
• Rocznik: 2008
• Tom: Vol. 14, No. 1
• Strony: 19--36
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 113 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Bosak Pavel

• Institute of Geology AS CR, v.v.i., Rozvojová 269, 165 00 Praha 6-Lysolaje, Czech Republic
• Karst Research Institute, SRC SASU, Titov trg 2, 6230 Postojna, Slovenia

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Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2019).