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Under Directive 2002/49/EC relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise, all European countries are obliged to model their environmental noise levels in heavily populated areas. Some countries have their own national method, to predict noise but most have not created one yet. The recommendation for countries that do not have their own model is to use an interim method. The Dutch SRM II scheme is suggested for railways. In addition to the Dutch model, this paper describes and discusses 3 other national methods. Moreover, discrepancies between the HARMONOISE and IMAGINE projects are analysed. The results of rail traffic noise measurements are compared with national methods.
Wydawca
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
309--325
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 37 poz., rys., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
- Faculty of Electronics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
autor
- Faculty of Electronics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
autor
- Faculty of Electronics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
autor
- Faculty of Electronics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
autor
- Faculty of Electronics, Gdańsk University of Technology, Gdańsk, Poland
Bibliografia
- 1.Commission of the European Communities. Communications from the Commission to the European Parliament and the Council. Rail noise abatement measures addressing the existing fleet (COM(2008) 432 final). 2008. Retrieved July 25, 2011, from: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=COM:2008:0432:FIN:EN:PDF.
- 2.Engel Z, Zawieska WM. The state of protection against noise in the environment in the year of Poland’s accession to the European Union. In: 13th International Conference on Noise Control [CD-ROM]. Warszawa, Poland: CIOP-PIB; 2004. In Polish, with an abstract in English.
- 3.van Beek A, Beuving M, Dittrich M, Beier, Zhang X, Jonasson H, et al. HARMONOISE. Work package 1.2. Rail sources. Task 1.2.1. State of the art (Technical report No. HAR12TR-020118-SNCF10). Paris, Frace: Research and Technology Department, Physics of the Railway System and Comfort; 2002. Retrieved July 25, 2011, from: http:// www.imagine-project.org/bestanden/D10_WP1.2_HAR12TR-020118-SNCF10.pdf.
- 4.Dittrich M. IMAGINE. Work package 6. Rail noise sources. IMAGINE railway noise source model, default source data and measurement protocol (IMAGINE report No. IMA6TR-050912-TNO01). Delft, The Netherlands: TNO; 2005. Retrieved July 25, 2011, from: http://www.imagine-project.org/bestanden/IMA6TR-050912-TNO01.pdf.
- 5.Directive 2002/49/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 25 June 2002 relating to the assessment and management of environmental noise. OJ. 2002;L189:12–25. Retrieved July 25, 2011, from: http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2002:189:0012:0025:EN:PDF.
- 6.Ustawa z dnia 3 października 2008 roku o udostępnianiu informacji o środowisku i jego ochronie, udziale społeczeństwa w ochronie środowiska oraz o ocenach oddziaływania na środowisko [Act of October 3, 2008, on providing information on the environment and environmental protection, public participation in environmental protection and on environmental impact assessment] Dz U. 2008;(199):item 1227. English translation retrieved July 25, 2011, from: http://www.paiz.gov.pl/files/?id_plik=10611.
- 7.Commission of the European Communities. Commission recommendation of 6 August 2003 concerning the guidelines on the revised interim computation methods for industrial noise, aircraft noise, road traffic noise and railway noise, and related emission data. OJ. 2003;L212:49–64. Retrieved July 25, 2011, from: http://eurlex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2003:212:0049:0064:EN:PDF.
- 8.Engel Z. From the history of the noise control conference. Arch Acoust. 2010;35(2):133–44.
- 9.Gołębiewski R, Makarewicz R. Verification of two methods of railway noise propagation. Arch Acoust. 2009;34(2):177–88.
- 10.Gołębiewski R, Makarewicz R. Railroad noise affected by downward refraction and turbulence. Arch Acoust. 2002;27:83–94.
- 11.Thompson D. Railway noise and vibration: mechanisms, modelling and means of control. Oxford, UK: Elsevier; 2008.
- 12.Janssens MHA, Dittrich MG, de Beer FG, Jones CJC. Railway noise measurement method for pass-by noise, total effective roughness, transfer functions and track spatial decay. J Sound Vibr. 2006;293(3–5):1007–28.
- 13.Nilsson C-M, Jones CJC, Thompson DJ, Ryue J. A waveguide finite element and boundary element approach to calculating the sound radiated by railway and tram rails. J Sound Vibr. 2009;321(3–5):813–36.
- 14.Alberola AJ, Mendoza LJ, Bullmore AJ, Flindell IH. Noise mapping: uncertainties. In: Proceedings of Forum Acusticum, Seville [CD-ROM]. 2002.
- 15.Manvell D, Stapelfeldt H. Matching noise maps with reality—reducing error through validation and calibration. Ultragarsas. 2003; 2(47):118–22.
- 16.Probst W. Uncertainties in the prediction of environmental noise and in noise mapping. Acoustique & Techniques. 2005;(40):34–9. Retrieved July 25, 2011, from: http://www.infobruit.com/revues/78_11099.PDF.
- 17.Batko W, Stępień B. Non-parametric methods of estimation of type A uncertainty of the environmental noise hazard indices. Arch Acoust. 2009;34(3):295–303.
- 18.Calixto A, Pulsides C, Zannin PHT. Evaluation of transportation noise in urbanised areas. A case study. Arch Acoust. 2008;33(2): 185–199.
- 19.Probst W. Strategic noise mapping—can it serve as a tool in city planning? In: Pawelczyk M, Bismor D, editors. 16th International Congress on Sound and Vibration [CD-ROM]. Krakow, Poland: International Institute of Acoustic and Vibration; 2009. p. 1–6.
- 20.Kucharski R. Complex noise indicator for noise mapping based on the EU working groupsʼ and Polish results of the annoyance investigations. Arch Acoust. 2007;32(2):293–302.
- 21.Czyżewski A, Kostek B, Kotus J. Multimedia interactive services in intelligent environments in multimedia services in intelligent environments. In: Tsihrintzis GA, Lakhmi J, editors. Advanced tools and methodologies. Berlin, Germany: Springer; 2008. p. 275–95.
- 22.Szczodrak M, Czyżewski A, Kotus J. Investigation of the road noise source employing an automatic noise monitoring station. Arch Acoust. 2008;33(4):77–83.
- 23.Kotus J, Kostek B. The noise-induced harmful effect assessment based on the properties of the human hearing system. Arch Acoust. 2008;33(4):435–40.
- 24.Dąbrowski Z, Dziurdź J, Klekot G. Studies on propagation of vibroacoustic energy and its influence on structure vibration in a large-size object. Arch Acoust. 2007;32(2):231–40.
- 25.Kompała J, Lipowczan A. Noise hazard to the population of areas connected with functioning of roadway frontier crossings. Arch Acoust. 2007;32(2):279–86.
- 26.Preis A, Gołębiewski R. Noise annoyance perception as a function of distance from a moving source. Noise Control Eng J. 2004;52(1):2–25.
- 27.Czyżewski A, Kotus J, Kostek B. Determining the noise impact on hearing using psychoacoustical noise dosimeter. Arch Acoust. 2007;32(2):215–29.
- 28.Ministerie van Volkshuisvesting, Ruimtelijke Ordening en Milieubeheer. Reken- en meetvoorschriften railverkeerslawaai ’96 [Calculation and measurement requirements for railway traffic ’96]. 2001. Retrieved July 25, 2011, from: http://www.stillerverkeer.nl/rmv/RMVR/RMVR96.pdf.
- 29.Ringheim M, Nielsen HL. Railway traffic noise—Nordic prediction method (TemaNord 1996-524). Copenhagen, Denmark: Nordic Council of Ministers; 1996.
- 30.The new German prediction model for railway noise Schall 03 2006—potentials of the new calculation method for noise mitigation of planned rail traffic, in noise and vibration mitigation for rail transportation systems. In: Schulte-Werning B, Thompson D, Gautier P, Hanson C, Hemsworth B, Nelson J, et al., editors. Proceedings of the 9th International Workshop on Railway Noise, 2007. Berlin, Germany: Springer; 2008. p. 186–92.
- 31.Reiter M, Kostek B. Comparing railway noise prediction results for passenger trains using various models. In: Proceedings. Acoustics 08. 2008. p. 2637–42. Retrieved July 25, 2011, from: http://intellagence.eu.com/acoustics2008/acoustics2008/cd1/data/articles/001148.pdf.
- 32.Reiter M, Kostek B. Implementation problems of IMAGINE noise source model for Polish passenger trains. In: Proceedings of Joint Baltic-Nordic Acoustic Meeting. 2008. Retrieved July 25, 2011, from: http://www.ver.is/bnam2008/Session%20VIII%20Train%20and%20Tram%20Noise/M%20Reiter%20-%20B%20Kostek.pdf.
- 33.Szwarc M, Kostek B. Railway noise problems in Poland. In: 15th International Conference on Noise Control [CD-ROM]. Warszawa, Poland: CIOP-PIB; 2010. In Polish, with an abstract in English.
- 34.Bolejko R, Dobrucki A. FEM and BEM computing costs for acoustical problems. Arch Acoust. 2006;31(2):193–212.
- 35.Szczodrak M, Czyżewski A. Software for calculation of noise maps implemented on the supercomputer. Task Quarterly. 2010;13(3–4):363–77.
- 36.Czyżewski A, Kotus J, Szczodrak M. Creating acoustic maps employing supercomputing cluster. Arch Acoust. 2010;35(4):551–64.
- 37.International Organization for Standardization (ISO). Acoustics—description, measurement and assessment of environmental noise—part 2: determination of environmental noise levels (Standard No. ISO 1996- 2:2007). Geneva, Switzerland: ISO; 2007.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
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