Stan światowych uregulowań prawnych w zakresie emisji zanieczyszczeń w ściekach z przemysłu celulozowo-papierniczego. Cz. 1, Kraje Europejskie

• Autorzy: Michniewicz M. , Janiga M.

Warianty tytułu

EN

The state of the world’s legislation in respect of the emission of pollutants in the effluents of the pulp and paper industry. Part I, The European countries

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

PL

Przedstawiono w skrócie ogólną charakterystykę emisji zanieczyszczeń w ściekach z przemysłu celulozowo-papierniczego oraz stosowane powszechnie parametry grupowe jakości ścieków. Zwrócono uwagę na nową tendencję uwzględniania w ocenie jakości ścieków ich oddziaływań toksycznych na organizmy wodne. W pewnym okresie do kontroli i oceny toksycznych oddziaływań ścieków celulozowo-papierniczych na odbiorniki wodne próbowano wykorzystać parametry globalne AOX i EOX. Stwierdzono, że podejście takie jest sprawą dyskusyjną. Przytoczono argumenty - dlaczego traktowanie AOX jako parametru określającego własności toksyczne ścieków jest oceną bardzo zgrubną i powierzchowną. W krajach Unii Europejskiej obserwuje się rosnące zainteresowanie władz ekologicznych włączeniem parametrów biologicznych (toksyczności ostrej) do uregulowań prawnych, w celu całościowej oceny potencjału toksycznych oddziaływań ścieków na organizmy wodne.

EN

A general characteristic of the emission of pollutants in the effluents in the pulp and paper industry is briefly presented, and the generally applied the group parameters for the effluent quality. The attention is turned to the new trend to take into consideration in an evaluation of the effluents quality their toxic influence on the water organisms. In certain period for checking-up and evaluation of the toxic influence of the.pulp and paper effluents on the aqueous recipients it has been tried to use the global parameters of AOX and EOX. It was found that such an attitude is a debatable matter. The arguments have been put forward why using AOX as the parameter for determining the toxic properties of the effluent is very rough and superficial evaluation. In the EU countries it is observed the growing interest of the ecological authorities in including the biological parameters (acute toxicity) into the legal acts in order to obtain the whole evaluation of the potential of the toxic influence of the effluents on the water organisms.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

produkcja papieru; celuloza; prawo; normy; oczyszczanie ścieków

EN

paper production; pulp; law; standards; wastewater treatment

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo SIGMA-NOT
• Czasopismo: Przegląd Papierniczy
• Rocznik: 2002
• Tom: R. 58, nr 6
• Strony: 345--350
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 22 poz., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Michniewicz M.

• Instytut Celulozowo-Papierniczy, ul. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 19/27, 90-571 Łódź

autor

Janiga M.

• Instytut Celulozowo-Papierniczy, ul. M. Skłodowskiej-Curie 19/27, 90-571 Łódź

Bibliografia

• 1. Implementation of Best Available Techniques (BAT) in the pulp industry, Final Report, Luxembourg, luty 1995.
• 2. Emission Charges in some European Countries - raport JAAKKO POYRY, Sztokholm, czerwiec 1998.
• 3. Finnish BAT Report, 1996, SEPA Report 4869, Finnish Forestry Industries Federation, 98, www.metla.fi
• 4. Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC), Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Pulp and Paper Industry, 2000, 38.
• 5. Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC), Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Pulp and Paper Industry, 2000, 84.
• 6. Environment Directive, Environmental Requirement for Industrial Permitting - Case Study on Pulp and Paper Sector, Part I, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1999.
• 7. Study on Nordic Pulp and Paper Industry and Enviroment, Kopenhaga, 1993.
• 8. P. Vasara, H. Jappinen, PLobbas, A Strategic Concept for Best Available Techniques in the Forest Industry, Finish Enviroment Institute, 425, Helsinki, 2000.
• 9. Environment Directive, Environmental Requirement for Industrial Permitting - Case Study on Pulp and Paper Sector, Part II, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1999, 179.
• 10. Environment Directive, Environmental Requirement for Industrial Permitting - Case Study on Pulp and Paper Sector, Part II, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1999, 177.
• 11. Swedish Envirmental Protection Agency, 1992.
• 12. Environment Directive, Environmental Requirement for Industrial Permitting - Case Study on Pulp and Paper Sector, Part II, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1999, 126.
• 13. Environment Directive, Environmental Requirement for Industrial Permitting - Case Study on Pulp and Paper Sector, Part II, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1999, 118.
• 14. Environment Directive, Environmental Requirement for Industrial Permitting - Case Study on Pulp and Paper Sector, Part I, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1999, 36.
• 15. Limitation of Waste Water Discharge from the Production of Bleached Pulp, Federal Law Sheet, 1991/181.
• 16. Environment Directive, Environmental Requirement for Industrial Permitting - Case Study on Pulp and Paper Sector, Part II, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1999, 30.
• 17. Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC), Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Pulp and Paper Industry, 2000, 452-460.
• 18. Environment Directive, Environmental Requirement for Industrial Permitting - Case Study on Pulp and Paper Sector, Part II, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1999, 38.
• 19. Environment Directive, Environmental Requirement for Industrial Permitting - Case Study on Pulp and Paper Sector, Part II, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1999, 96.
• 20. Environment Directive, Environmental Requirement for Industrial Permitting - Case Study on Pulp and Paper Sector, Part II, Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1999, 257-270.
• 21. Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC), Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Pulp and Paper Industry, 2000, 104-105.
• 22. Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control (IPPC), Reference Document on Best Available Techniques in the Pulp and Paper Industry, 2000, 408-409.