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Purpose: The reason for writing this paper was to describe the kinetics of phase transformations during continuous heating from hardened state and subsequent cooling of unalloyed high carbon steel. Design/methodology/approach: Dilatometric investigations were performed using a DT 1000 dilatometer of a French company Adamel. Samples after quenching and quenching and sub-quenching in liquid nitrogen (-196 °C) were heated up 700 °C at the rate of 0.05 °C/s and subsequent cooled to room temperature at the rate of 0.05 °C/s. Findings: Regardless of heating the hardened high-carbon steel to 700 °C, a small fraction of the retained austenite remained in its structure, and was changing into fresh martensite only during cooling in the temperature range: 280°C-170°C. Research limitations/implications: Schematic presentation of the differential curve of tempering of the hardened high-carbon, unalloyed steel illustrating the phase transformations occurring during heating from hardened state. Practical implications: An observation, that a small fraction of the retained austenite remained in the structure of tempered high-carbon steel, indicates that even unalloyed steel should be tempered two times. Originality/value: Detailed descriptions of kinetics phase transformations during heating from hardened state of unalloyed high carbon steel.
Wydawca
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
7--17
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 30 poz., rys.
Twórcy
autor
- Faculty of Metals Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland
Bibliografia
- [1] EN 10052:1999. Vocabulary of heat treatment terms for ferrous products.
- [2] J. Pacyna (Ed.), Fundamental of Materials Science. Notes about lectures delivered in 2010/2011 academical year for students of Faculty of Metal Engineering and Industrial Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, 2011.
- [3] Y. Hirotsu, S. Nagakura, Crystal structure and morphology of the carbide precipitated from martensitic high carbon steel during the first stage of tempering, Acta Metallurgica 20 (1972) 645-648.
- [4] Y. Hirotsu, S. Nagakura, S. Okuteni, The crystal structure and morphology of the precipitated of the first stage of tempering of a high carbon 1.13 wt % steel, Proceedings of the International Conference “Science and Technology of Iron and Steel” ICSTIS, Tokyo, 1971, 1140-1145.
- [5] D.L. Wiliamson, K. Nakazawa, G Krauss, A study of the early stages of tempering in an Fe-1.2 Pct alloy, Metallurgical Transactions A 10 (1979) 1351-1355.
- [6] Z. Kędzierski (Ed.), Phase transformations in metals and alloys, AGH University of Science and Technology, 1988 (in Polish).
- [7] M. Blicharski (Ed.), Phase transformations, AGH University of Science and Technology, 1988 (in Polish).
- [8] J. Pacyna, B. Pawłowski, Effect of tempering temperature on 30HGSA steel toughness, Metallurgy and Casting 10 (1984) 409-421.
- [9] T. Malkiewicz (Ed.), Physical metallurgy of ferrous alloys, PWN, Lodz, 1978 (in Polish).
- [10] J. Pacyna, The effect of molybdenum on the transformations in the quenched matrix of high-speed steels during tempering, Archiv für das Eisenhüttenwesen 55 (1984) 325-330.
- [11] L.A. Dobrzański (Ed.), Physical metallurgy and heat treatment of tool materials, WNT, Warsaw, 1990 (in Polish).
- [12] P. Bała, J. Pacyna, J. Krawczyk, The kinetics of phase transformations during tempering of low alloy medium carbon steel, Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 28/2 (2007) 98-104.
- [13] P. Bała, J. Pacyna, J. Krawczyk, The kinetics of phase transformations during the tempering of HS18-0-1 high-speed steel, Proceedings of the 11th International Conference “Contemporary Achievements in Mechanics, Manufacturing and Materials Science” CAMS’2005, Gliwice - Zakopane, 2005, 57-65.
- [14] P. Bała, J. Pacyna, J. Krawczyk, The kinetics of phase transformations during the tempering of HS6-5-2 high-speed steel, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 18 (2006) 47-50.
- [15] P. Bała, J. Pacyna, J. Krawczyk, The kinetics of phase transformations during tempering of Cr-Mo-V medium carbon steel, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 20 (2007) 79-82.
- [16] P. Bała, J. Pacyna, J. Krawczyk, The influence of the kinetics of phase transformations during tempering on the structure development in a high carbon steel, Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 52 (2007) 113-120.
- [17] P. Bała, J. Pacyna, J. Krawczyk, The kinetics of phase transformations during tempering in the new hot working steel, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 22/2 (2007) 15-18.
- [18] P. Bała, J. Pacyna, The kinetics of phase transformations during tempering in high-speed steel, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering, 23/2 (2007) 15-18.
- [19] J. Pacyna, The effect of retained austenite on the fracture toughness of high speed steels, Steel Research 58 (1987) 8792.
- [20] J. Pacyna, Retained austenite in the cracking process of steel on the working rolls of the cold sheet rolling mill, Steel Research 63 (1992) 500-503.
- [21] A. Kokosza, J. Pacyna, Mechanical stability of retained austenite in unalloyed structural steels of various carbon content, Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 55 (2010) 1001-1006.
- [22] A. Kokosza, J. Pacyna, Evaluation of retained austenite stability in heat treated cold work tool steel, Journal of Materials Processing Technology 162-163 (2005) 327-331.
- [23] J. Pacyna, R. Dąbrowski, Kinetics of phase transformations at tempering of the model alloys containing vanadium, Proceedings of the 10th Jubilee International Scientific Conference “Achievements in Mechanical and Materials Engineering” AMME’2001, Gliwice - Cracow - Zakopane, 2001, 417-422 (in Polish).
- [24] S. Prowans (Ed.), Physical Metallurgy, PWN, Warsaw, 1991 (in Polish).
- [25] F.P. Bundy, Pressure-Temperature Phase Diagram of Iron to 200 kbar, 900°C, Journal of Applied Physics 36/2 (1965) 616-620.
- [26] J. Pacyna, J. Krawczyk, R. Wygonik, The problem of retained austenite at tempering, Proceedings of the 9th Scientific International Conference “Achievements in Mechanical and Materials Engineering” AMME’2000, Gliwice - Sopot - Gdańsk, 2000,415-420 (in Polish).
- [27] A. Kokosza, J. Pacyna, Retained austenite in the cracking process of 70MnCrMoV9-2-4-2 tempered steel, Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 29/1 (2008) 39-46.
- [28] V.F. Zackay, E.R. Parker, W.E. Wood, Influence of some microstructural features on the fracture toughness of high strength steels, Proceednigs of the 3rd International Conference “Strength of Metals and Alloys”, Cambridge, 1973, 175-188.
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Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-deb44444-97c0-4ab9-b2c8-bdb9641c00b2