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Emisja zanieczyszczeń powietrza w krajach Unii Europejskiej – wielowymiarowa analiza danych
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Abstrakty
The main purpose of the paper was to show the level of air pollution and its relation to economic development in the European Union countries. All European Union member states were selected for research purposefully. The research period concerned the years 2005-2016. Data was obtained from EUROSTAT and from the literature on the subject. For the analysis and presentation of materials, descriptive, tabular, graphical and gradual data analysis methods were used, including overrepresentation maps and Pearson's linear correlation coefficients. The issue of emissions of air pollutants is crucial because harmful substances contribute to the emergence of many diseases and increased mortality of society. The article focuses on harmful compounds that are subject to emission limits, i.e. sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrous oxide (NOx), emissions of non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOC), ammonia (NH3) emissions and PM2.5 fraction dust. Nitrogen oxides and non-methane volatile organic compounds were the most emitted in the EU. The smallest emission was for PM2.5. In the years 2005-2016, sulfur oxide emissions decreased the fastest, while emissions of ammonia and PM2.5 dust increased. Taking into account all five pollutants, the ranking of countries meeting the emission obligations against the EU background is presented. Greece, Croatia and Belgium were the best in this area, while Hungary, Latvia and Germany were the worst. A positive relationship was found between the strength of changes in the level of GDP and the emission of air pollutants. In the EU countries, in the years 2005-2016, regularities between the level of economic development and pollution emissions in line with the environmental Kuznets curve were confirmed. In the economically developed EU countries, despite the pressure of economic development, there was a reduction in air pollution.
Celem głównym pracy było ukazanie poziomu zanieczyszczenia powietrza i jego związku z rozwojem gospodarczym w krajach Unii Europejskiej. W sposób celowy wybrano do badań wszystkie kraje członkowskie Unii Europejskiej. Okres badań dotyczył lat 2005-2016. Dane pozyskano z EUROSTAT oraz z literatury przedmiotu. Do analizy i prezentacji materiałów zastosowano metody opisową, tabelaryczną, graficzną, gradacyjną analizę danych, w tym mapy nadreprezentacji, współczynniki korelacji liniowej Pearsona. Problematyka emisji zanieczyszczeń powietrza jest kluczowa, gdyż szkodliwe substancje przyczyniają się do powstawania wielu chorób oraz zwiększonej śmiertelności społeczeństwa. W artykule skupiono się na szkodliwych związkach, które podlegają limitom emisji, a więc dwutlenku siarki (SO2), tlenku azotu (NOx), emisji niemetanowych lotnych związków organicznych (NMLZO), emisji amoniaku (NH3) i pyłów frakcji PM2.5 (PM2.5). W UE najwięcej emitowano tlenków azotu i niemetanowych lotnych związków organicznych. Najmniejsza zaś była emisja pyłów frakcji PM2,5. W latach 2005-2016 najszybciej spadała emisja tlenków siarki, zaś rosła amoniaku i pyłów frakcji PM2,5. Przy uwzględnieniu wszystkich pięciu związków zanieczyszczających powietrze przedstawiono ranking krajów wywiązujących się z obowiązków emisji na tle UE. Najlepiej w tym zakresie radziły sobie Grecja, Chorwacji i Belgia, zaś najgorzej Węgry, Łotwa i Niemcy. Stwierdzono dodatnią zależność między siłą zmian poziomu PKB a emisją zanieczyszczeń powietrza. W krajach UE w latach 2005-2016 potwierdzone zostały prawidłowości między poziomem rozwoju gospodarki i emisją zanieczyszczeń zgodne ze środowiskową krzywą Kuznetsa. W rozwiniętych gospodarczo krajach UE mimo presji rozwoju gospodarczego następowała redukcja zanieczyszczeń powietrza.
Wydawca
Czasopismo
Rocznik
Tom
Strony
987--1000
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 38 poz., tab., rys.
Twórcy
autor
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland
autor
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland
autor
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW, Poland
Bibliografia
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Uwagi
Opracowanie rekordu ze środków MNiSW, umowa Nr 461252 w ramach programu "Społeczna odpowiedzialność nauki" - moduł: Popularyzacja nauki i promocja sportu (2020).
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-dbe0201b-ece3-4efc-8ba6-912cde5618af