PL EN


Preferencje help
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników
Tytuł artykułu

Simultaneous Occupational Exposure to FM and UHF Transmitters

Autorzy
Treść / Zawartość
Identyfikatory
Warianty tytułu
Języki publikacji
EN
Abstrakty
EN
Occupational exposure caused by large broadcasting transmitters exceeds current reference levels. As it is common for different radio and TV transmitters to share the location, we analysed combined exposure on a 40-m high mast. The frequency modulation (FM) transmitter, located between the 10th and 30th metre, had the power of 25 kW, whereas an ultra-high frequency (UHF) transmitter of 5 kW occupied the top 8 m of the mast. Measured and calculated values of the electric field strength exceeded the reference levels up to 10 times; however, the results for the specific absorption rate (SAR) values show that the reference levels are very conservative for FM exposure, i.e., basic restrictions are not exceeded even when the reference levels are exceeded 10 times. However, for UHF exposure the reference levels are not conservative; they give a good prediction of real exposure.
Rocznik
Strony
161--170
Opis fizyczny
Bibliogr. 14 poz., tab., wykr.
Twórcy
autor
  • Institute of Non-Ionizing Radiation, Ljubljana, Slovenia
autor
  • Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia
autor
  • Institute of Non-Ionizing Radiation, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Bibliografia
  • 1.Joseph W, Frei P, Roosli M, Thuróczy G, Gajsek P,Trcek T. Comparison of personal radio frequency electromagnetic field exposure in different urban areas across Europe. Environ Res. 2010; 110(7):658–63.
  • 2.Kosalay I. Estimation of RF electromagnetic levels around TV broadcast antennas using fuzzy logic. IEEE Trans Broadcast. 2010;56(1):36–43.
  • 3.International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Guidelines for limiting exposure to time-varying electric, magnetic, and electromagnetic fields (up to 300 GHz). Health Phys. 1998;74(4):494–522.
  • 4.Schilling CJ. Effects of exposure to very high frequency radiofrequency radiation on six antenna engineers in two separate incidents. Occup Med (Lond). 2000;50(1):49–56.
  • 5.Jokela K, Puranen L. Occupational RF exposures. Radiat Prot Dosimetry. 1999;83(1–2);119–24.
  • 6.Bolte JFB, Pruppers MJM. Electromagnetic fields in the working environment. The Hague, The Netherlands: Ministry of Social Affairs and Employment; 2006. Retrieved April 17, 2012, from: http://www.rivm.nl/bibliotheek/rapporten/610015001.pdf.
  • 7.Directive 2004/40/EC of the European Parliament and of the council on the minimum health and safety requirements regarding the exposure of workers to the risks arising from physical agents (electromagnetic fields). OJ. 2004;L159:1–26.
  • 8.Valic B, Kos B, Gajsek P. Occupational exposure assessment on an FM mast:electric field and SAR values. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics (JOSE). 2012;18(2):149–59.
  • 9.Remkes G. Work safely with EMF high power RF-emitters [unpublished presentation]. Occupational exposure to electromagnetic fields: paving the way for a future EU initiative. Umea, Sweden. 2009. Retrieved April 17, 2012, from: http://www.av.se/dokument/inenglish/European_Work/Session_Remkes.pdf.
  • 10.Richard Tell Associates. An evaluation of induced body current and contact current reduction effectiveness with the KWGARD ™ RF protective suit at a high power VHF-UHF broadcast transmitter site. Las Vegas, NV, USA. 1998. Retrieved April 17, 2012, from: http://www.radhaz.com/docs/KW-GARDVHF.pdf.
  • 11.Christ A, Kainz W, Hahn EG, Honegger K, Zefferer M,Neufeld E, et al. The Virtual Family - development of surface-based anatomical models of two adults and two children for dosimetric simulations. Phys Med Biol. 2010;55(2):N23–8.
  • 12.Gabriel S, Lau R, Gabriel C. The dielectric properties of biological tissues: II. Measurements in the frequency range 10 Hz to 20 GHz. Phys Med Biol. 1996;41(11):2251–69.
  • 13.Gabriel S, Lau R, Gabriel C. The dielectric properties of biological tissues: III. Parametric models for the dielectric spectrum of tissues. Phys Med Biol. 1996;41(11):2271–93.
  • 14.Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). IEEE recommended practice for measurements and computations of radio frequency electromagnetic fields with respect to human exposure to such fields, 100 kHz–300 GHz (Standard No. C95.3:2002). New York, NY, USA:IEEE; 2002.
Typ dokumentu
Bibliografia
Identyfikator YADDA
bwmeta1.element.baztech-db8896e0-8bdd-4e8e-a37c-d68f58caf72f
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.