Vehicle speed determination with inductive-loop technology and fast and accurate fractional time delay estimation by DFT

• Autorzy: Duda Krzysztof , Marszalek Zbigniew

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.24425/mms.2024.152048

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Inductive loop (IL) sensors are permanently installed in road to create output signals for the evaluation of vehicle magnetic profiles (VMPs) as vehicles pass over them. VMPs are acquired using a multi-frequency impedance measurement (MFIM) system equipped with advanced electronic, signal processing, and data management capabilities. Vehicle speed is calculated by measuring the time shift (delay, lag) between VMPs obtained from two distant IL sensors. The cross-correlation sequence (CCS) estimate is a widely accepted method for estimating time shifts that are integer multiples of the sampling period, i.e., the time resolution of the CCS is limited by the sampling period. In this paper, we present a fully operational MFIM system equipped with two wide and two slim IL sensors. We apply the Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) to estimate fractional time shifts, i.e. we obtain a time resolution higher than the sampling period. Field measurement signals demonstrate that the proposed application of the DFT for fractional shift estimation offers higher accuracy, lower computational complexity, and better noise immunity compared to the CCS-based estimation. For short-duration signals, the DFT-based shift estimation is unbiased, while the CCS is a biased time-shift estimator.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

cross-correlation sequence; discrete Fourier Transform; fractional delay FIR filter; fractional shift estimation; inductive loop; multi-frequency impedance measurement; time shift; vehicle magnetic profile

• Wydawca: Komitet Metrologii i Aparatury Naukowej PAN
• Czasopismo: Metrology and Measurement Systems
• Rocznik: 2024
• Tom: Vol. 31, nr 4
• Strony: 781--796
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 33 poz., rys., tab., wykr., wzory

Twórcy

autor

Duda Krzysztof

• AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Measurement and Electronics, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

autor

Marszalek Zbigniew

• AGH University of Krakow, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Automatics, Computer Science and Biomedical Engineering, Department of Measurement and Electronics, al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Kraków, Poland

Bibliografia

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Uwagi

Research project supported by program “Excellence Initiative - Research University” for the AGH University of Science and Technology.