Guidance Note: Risk Management of Workers With Medical Electronic Devices and Metallic Implants in Electromagnetic Fields

• Autorzy: Hocking B. , Mild K. M.
• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Medical electronic devices and metallic implants are found in an increasing number of workers. Industrial applications requiring intense electromagnetic fields (EMF) are growing and the potential risk of injurious interactions arising from EMF affecting devices or implants needs to be managed. Potential interactions include electromagnetic interference, displacement, and electrostimulation or heating of adjacent tissue, depending on the device or implant and the frequency of the fields. A guidance note, which uses a risk management framework, has been developed to give generic advice in (a) risk identification—implementing procedures to identify workers with implants and to characterise EMF exposure within a workplace; (b) risk assessment—integrating the characteristics of devices, the anatomical localisation of implants, occupational hygiene data, and application of basic physics principles; and (c) risk control—advising the worker and employer regarding safety and any necessary changes to work practices, while observing privacy.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

magnetic fields; microwave; interaction; pacemaker; artificial joint

• Wydawca: Taylor & Francis
• Czasopismo: International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics
• Rocznik: 2008
• Tom: Vol. 14, No. 2
• Strony: 217--222
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 12 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Hocking B.

• Medical specialist in occupational medicine, 9 Tyrone St., Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia

autor

Mild K. M.

• Department Radiation Physics, Umea University, Umea. Sweden

Bibliografia

• 1.Hocking B. Risk management of electromagnetic compatibility with medical devices. J Occup Health Safety—Aust NZ. 1997;13(3);239–42.
• 2.International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC). Electromagnetic compatibility requirements and tests for medical electrical equipment (Standard No. IEC 60601-1-2:2001). Geneva, Switzerland: IEC; 2001.
• 3.Fetter JG, Benditt DG, Stanton MS. Electromagnetic interference from welding and motors on implantable cardioverterde fibrillators as tested in the electrically hostile work site. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;28(2):423–7.
• 4.Magne I, Souques M, Hero M. Does the implantation of an ICD lead to a work inaptitude in an electrical company? [poster]. Bioelectromagnetics Society (BEMS) Conference. Dublin, Ireland; 2005.
• 5.Marco D, Eisinger G, Hayes DL. Testing of work environments for electromagnetic interference. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 1992;15(11 Pt 2):2016–22.
• 6.Scholten A, Silny J. The interference threshold of cardiac pacemakers in electric 50 Hz fields. J Med Eng Technol. 2001;25(1):1–11.
• 7.Trigano A, Blandeau O, Souques M, Gernez JP, Magne I. Clinical study of interference with cardiac pacemakers by a magnetic field at power line frequencies. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45(6):896–900.
• 8.Hocking B, Joyner K, Fleming A. Implanted medical devices in workers exposed to radio-frequency radiation. Scand J Work Environ Health. 1991;17;1–6.
• 9.Moseley H, Johnston S, Allen A. The influence of microwave radiation on transdermal delivery systems. Br J Dermatol. 1990;122(3):361–3.
• 10.Virtanen H, Keshvari J, Lappalainen R. Interaction of radio frequency electromagnetic fields and passive metallic implants—a brief review. Bioelectromagnetics. 2006;27(6):431–9.
• 11.Shellock FG, Crues JV. MR procedures: biologic effects, safety, and patient care. Radiology. 2004;232(3):635–52.
• 12.Anderson V, McIntosh R. Guidelines for the RF exposure assessment of metallic implants. Retrieved September 7, 2007, from: http://www.emfdosimetry.org/Anderson/Implants_Rules-of-Thumb.pdf.