Management of surplus electricity production from unstable renewable energy sources using Power to Gas technology

• Autorzy: Komorowska A. , Gawlik L.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.24425/124511

Warianty tytułu

PL

Zagospodarowanie nadwyżki produkcji energii elektrycznej z niestablinych odnawialnych źródeł energii z wykorzystaniem technologii Power to Gas

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

Increasing the share of energy production from renewable sources (RES) plays a key role in the sustainable and more competitive development of the energy sector. Among the renewable energy sources, the greatest increase can be observed in the case of solar and wind power generation. It should be noted that RES are an increasingly important elements of the power systems and that their share in energy production will continue to rise. On the other hand the development of variable generation sources (wind and solar energy) poses a serious challenge for power systems as operators of unconventional power plants are unable to provide information about the forecasted production level and the energy generated in a given period is sometimes higher than the demand for energy in all of the power systems. Therefore, with the development of RES, a considerable amount of the generated energy is wasted. The solution is energy storage, which makes it possible to improve the management of power systems. The objective of this article is to present the concept of electricity storage in the form of the chemical energy of hydrogen (Power to Gas) in order to improve the functioning of the power system in Poland. The expected growth in the installed capacity of wind power plants will result in more periods in which excess energy will be produced. In order to avoid wasting large amounts of energy, the introduction of storage systems is necessary. An analysis of the development of wind power plants demonstrates that the Power to Gas concept can be developed in Poland, as indicated by the estimated installed capacity and the potential amount of energy to be generated. In view of the above, the excess electricity will be available for storage in the form of chemical energy of hydrogen, which in turn can be used to supply gas distribution networks, generate electricity during periods of increased electricity demand, or to refuel vehicles.

PL

Zwiększenie udziału produkcji energii ze źródeł odnawialnych (OZE) odgrywa kluczową rolę w zrównoważonym i bardziej konkurencyjnym rozwoju sektora energii. Wśród odnawialnych źródeł energii największy wzrost można zaobserwować w przypadku wytwarzania energii słonecznej i wiatrowej. Należy zauważyć, że OZE są coraz ważniejszym elementem systemów elektroenergetycznych i że ich udział w produkcji energii będzie nadal wzrastał. Z drugiej strony rozwój niestabilnych źródeł wytwarzania (elektrowni wiatrowych i fotowoltaiki) stanowi poważne wyzwanie dla systemów energetycznych, ponieważ operatorzy niekonwencjonalnych elektrowni nie są w stanie dostarczyć informacji o prognozowanym poziomie produkcji, a zapotrzebowanie na energię elektryczną jest często niższe od ilości energii wytworzonej w danym okresie. Dlatego wraz z rozwojem OZE tracona jest znaczna część wytworzonej energii. Rozwiązaniem jest magazynowanie energii, co pozwoliłoby na usprawnienie zarządzania systemami energetycznymi. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie koncepcji magazynowania energii elektrycznej w postaci energii chemicznej wodoru (Power to Gas) w celu poprawy funkcjonowania systemu elektroenergetycznego w Polsce. W związku z oczekiwanym wzrostem mocy zainstalowanej w elektrowniach wiatrowych należy się spodziewać, że w systemie będzie coraz więcej okresów, w których wytwarzana będzie nadwyżka energii. Aby uniknąć marnowania dużych ilości energii, konieczne jest wprowadzenie systemów magazynowania energii. Analiza rozwoju elektrowni wiatrowych pokazuje, że koncepcja Power to Gas może być rozwijana w Polsce, o czym świadczy szacowana moc zainstalowana i potencjalna ilość energii do wygenerowania. W związku z nadwyżką energii elektrycznej będzie dostępna do magazynowania w postaci energii chemicznej wodoru, która z kolei może być wykorzystana do zasilania sieci dystrybucyjnych gazu, wytwarzania energii elektrycznej w okresach zwiększonego zapotrzebowania na energię elektryczną lub do tankowania pojazdów.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

wind energy; Power to Gas technology; energy storage

PL

energetyka wiatrowa; Power to Gas; magazynowanie energii

• Wydawca: Instytut Gospodarki Surowcami Mineralnymi i Energią PAN
• Czasopismo: Polityka Energetyczna
• Rocznik: 2018
• Tom: T. 21, z. 4
• Strony: 43--64
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 80 poz., rys., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Komorowska A.

• Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland

autor

Gawlik L.

• Mineral and Energy Economy Research Institute of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland

Bibliografia

• Abalone Energie. Abalone Energie Nantes. [Online] http://www.abalone-energie.com/c/nos-solutions,3170/eolien,3176/mieux-connaitre,3177.html [Accessed: 2018-09-20] (in French).
• Ahern et al. 2015 – Ahern, E.P., Deane, P., Persson, T., Gallachóir, B.O. and Murphy, J. D. 2015. A perspective on the potential role of renewable gas in a smart energy island system. Renewable Energy 78, pp. 648–656.
• Akinyele, D.O. and Rayudu, R.K. 2014. Review of energy storage technologies for sustainable power networks. Sustainable Energy Technologies and Assessments 8, pp. 74–91.
• Ancona et al. 2016 – Ancona, M.A., Antonini, G., Branchini, L., De Pascale, A., Melino, F., Orlandini, V., Antonuci, V. and Ferraro, M. 2016. Renewable Energy Storage System Based on a Power-to-Gas Conversion Process. Energy Procedia 101, pp. 854–861.
• Aragon Hydrogen Foundation. Aragon – ITHER. [Online] http://hidrogenoaragon.org/en/about-us/facilities-and-infrastructures/ [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• AREVA. MYRTE. [Online] http://www.sa.areva.com/EN/news-10206/hydrogen-energy-storage-power-rampup-at-the-myrte-test-platform.html [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• Bai et al. 2014 – Bai, M., Song, K., Sun, Y., He, M., Li, Y. and Sun, J. 2014. An overview of hydrogen underground storage technology and prospects in China. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 124, pp. 132–136.
• Balan et al. 2016 – Balan, M., Badea, A., Buga, M.R. and Ciocian, A. 2016. Power-to-gas: Development of analysis framework based on Romanian case study. University Polytechnic of Bucharest Scientific Bulletin 78(3), pp. 217–226.
• Bright Green Hydrogen. Fife – Levenmouth Community Energy Project. [Online] https://www.brightgreenhydrogen.org.uk/levenmouth-community-energy-project/ [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• Carbon Commentary. Exytron. [Online] https://www.carboncommentary.com/blog/2017/7/24/exytron-the-worlds-first-power-to-gas-system-with-integrated-co2-collection-and-reuse [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• Castillo, A. and Gayme, D.F. 2014. Grid-scale energy storage applications in renewable energy integration: A survey. Energy Conversion and Management 87, pp. 885–894.
• Clean Energy Partnership. Wasserstofftechnologie. [Online] https://cleanenergypartnership.de/fileadmin/Assets/06_h2-mediathek/CEP_Erklaerblatt.pdf [Accessed: 2018-09-20] (in German).
• Colruyt and Waterstofnet. Don Quichote. [Online] https://www.don-quichote.eu/node/1 [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• CRTGas. Fos-Sur-Mer – Jupiter 1000. [Online] http://www.jupiter1000.com/en/accueil.html [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• DNV GL. Rozenburg. [Online] http://images.e.dnvgl.com/Web/DNVGL/%7B24381cd9-4df3-4136-8289-a05bac049d53%7D_OG_GAS_GLOB_15Q2_PROM_Report_Power_to_Gas_project_in_Rozenburg_NL.pdf [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• DVGW Forschungsstelle am EBI. The German Demonstration Site at Falkenhagen. [Online] https://www.storeandgo.info/about-the-project/ [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• E-rp GmbH. The RegEnKibo Project. [Online] https://www.irs.kit.edu/english/RegEnKibo.php [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• EC 2006–2007. Towards a European Strategic Energy Technology Plan. European Commission.
• EERE Energy. Windmill – Electrolyser System for Hydrogen Production at Stralsund. [Online] http://www.eere.energy.gov/hydrogenandfuelcells/hydrogen/iea/case_studies.html [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• Electrochaea. Foulum – Electrochaea. [Online] http://www.electrochaea.com/technology/ [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• Electrochaea and MVM. PtG Hungary Ltd. [Online] http://mvm.hu/uncategorized/munich-based-clean-tech-startup-electrochaea-hungarian-utility-mvm-establish-power-gas-joint-venture/?lang=en [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• Energy Storage Journal. Wind Power-to-Gas (P2G) Technology. [Online] http://www.energystoragejournal.com/2013/03/24/wind-instrument-power-to-gas-technology/ [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• ENGIE. Dunkerque – GRHYD Project. [Online] https://www.engie.com/en/innovation-energy-transition/digital-control-energy-efficiency/power-to-gas/the-grhyd-demonstration-project/ [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• Engineering Ingegneria Informatica. Puglia Region – INGRID Project. [Online] http://www.ingridproject.eu/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=28&Itemid=199 [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• Erdgas-Schwaben. Excess – Electricity turns to gas. (Überschuss – Strom Wird Zu Gas). [Online] https://www.erdgas-schwaben.de/info-download/news/news-archiv-2015/articles/power-to-gas-gruener-ueberschuss-strom-wird-erfolgreich-im-erdgas-netz-gespeichert.html [Accessed: 2018-09-20] (in German).
• European Power to Gas. Projects in Europe. [Online] http://europeanpowertogas.com/projects-in-europe/ [Accesssed: 2018-09-20].
• Exytron GmbH. EXYTRON Demonstrationsanlage. [Online] http://www.powertogas.info/power-to-gas/pilotprojekte-im-ueberblick/exytron-demonstrationsanlage/ [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• Fraunhofer ISE. H2Move – solar hydrogen filling station (H2Move – Solare Wasserstoff – Tankstelle). [Online] https://www.h2move.de/ [Accessed: 2018-09-2012] (in German).
• Fuel Cell Systems. The Hydrogen Mini-Grid System. [Online] https://www.fuelcellsystems.co.uk/fuel-cell-installation-hybrid-hydrogen-mini-grid-eetc-rotherham/ [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• Gahleitner, G. 2013. Hydrogen from renewable electricity: An international review of power-to-gas pilot plants for stationary applications. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 38(5), pp. 2039–2061.
• Gammon et al. 2006 – Gammon, R., Roy, A., Barton, J. and Little, M. 2006. Hydrogen and Renewables Integration. [Online] http://ieahydrogen.org/pdfs/HARI.aspx [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• Garcia, D.A. 2017. Analysis of non-economic barriers for the deployment of hydrogen technologies and infrastructures in European countries. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 42(10), pp. 6435–6447.
• Gammon et al. 2006 – Gammon, R., Roy, A., Barton, J. and Little, M. 2006. Hydrogen and Renewables Integration. [Online] http://ieahydrogen.org/pdfs/HARI.aspx [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• Gas Natura lfenosa and Hydrogenics. Xermade – Sotavento Project. [Online] http://www.sotaventogalicia. com/en/projects/system-generation-and-energy-storage-form-hydrogen [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• Geschäftsstelle Hypos. Hypos Project. [Online] https://www.mitteldeutschland.com/de/page/projekt-hypos [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• Götz et al. 2016 – Götz, M., Lefebvre, J., Mörs, F., McDaniel Koch, A., Graf, F., Bajohr, S., Reimert, R. and Kolb, T. 2016. Renewable Power-to-Gas: A Technological and Economic Review. Renewable Energy 85, pp. 1371–1390.
• Grahl-Madsen. Demonstration of H2–fuelled ΜCHPs Based on LT PEMFC in Vestenskov. [Online] http://www.dmkv.dk/downloads/Afslutningskonference/3_Laila_Grahl_Madsen.pdf [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• Grueger et al. 2017 – Grueger, F., Möhrke, F., Robinius, M. and Stolten, D. 2017. Early power to gas applications: Reducing wind farm forecast errors and providing secondary control reserve. Applied Energy 192, pp. 551–562.
• Guandalini et al. 2017 – Guandalini, G., Robinius, M., Grube, T., Campanari, S. and Stolten, D. 2017. Long-term power-to-gas potential from wind and solar power: A country analysis for Italy. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 42(19), pp. 13389–13406.
• HenseWerk. WindGas Hamburg. [Online] http://www.powertogas.info/power-to-gas/pilotprojekte-im-ueberblick/windgas-hamburg/ [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• HyBalance. Hobro – HyBalance. [Online] http://www.hybalance.eu/ [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• Hydrogenics and Audi. Avedøre – BioCatProjec. [Online] http://biocat-project.com/about-the-project/ [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• HyWays 2007. The European Hydrogen Energy Roadmap. HyWays. Online: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/44152801_HyWAyS_-_The_European_hydrogen_roadmap_Project_report [Accessed: 01.03.2018].
• IdE Institut dezentrale Energietechnologien GmbH. Bio Power 2 Gas. [Online] http://www.biopower2gas.de/projekt/ [Accessed: 2018-09-20] (in German).
• IEA 2018. Renewables Information: Overwiew 2018. International Energy Information, Paris.
• ITM Power Thüga. Frankfurt Am Main – Thüga. [Online] http://www.itm-power.com/project/thuga-power-to-gas [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• ITM Power Roherham. Rotherham – Hydrogen Mini-Grid Project. [Online] http://www.itm-power.com/project/wind-hydrogen-development-platform [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• ITM Power 2016. ITM Electrolyser for UK National Grid P2G HyDeploy Consortium. Full Cells Bulletin 12, pp. 11.
• Jiang et al. 2012 – Jiang, R., Wang, J., and Guan, Y. 2012. Robust unit commitment with wind power and pumped storage hydro. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems 27(2), pp. 800–810.
• Kötter et al. 2016 – Kötter, E., Schneider, L., Sehnke, F., Ohnmeiss, K. and Schröer, R. 2016. The future electric power system: Impact of Power-to-Gas by interacting with other renewable energy components. Journal of Energy Storage 5, pp. 113–119.
• Leonzio, G. 2017. Design and feasibility analysis of a Power-to-Gas plant in Germany. Journal of Cleaner Production 162, pp. 609–623.
• Lewandowska-Bernat, A. and Desideri, U. 2017. Opportunities of Power-to-Gas technology. EnergProcedia 105, pp. 4569–4574.
• LTT. Utilization of CO2 as a carbon building block using predominantly regenerative (Verwertung von CO2 Als Kohlenstoff-Baustein Unter Verwendung Überwiegend Regenerativer Energie) [Online] http:// www.ltt.rwth-aachen.de/cms/LTT/Forschung/Forschung-am-LTT/Model-Based-Fuel-Design/Abgeschlossene-Projekte/~kpty/Verwertung-von-CO2-als-Kohlenstoff-Baust/?lidx=1 [Accessed: 2018-09-20] (in German).
• MarketWatch. Hydrogenics Awarded 2.4 MW Power-to-Gas Plant in Germany. [Online] https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/hydrogenics-awarded-24-mw-power-to-gas-plant-in-germany-2017-03-22 [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• MG 2010. The national action plan for renewable energy souces (Krajowy plan działania w zakresie energii ze źródeł odnawialnych). Minister Gospodarki – MG (Minister of Economy). Online: http://www.oze.utp.edu.pl/pliki/KPD_RM.pdf [Accessed 3.07.2018] 0(in Polish).
• MicroPyros GmbH. Power to Gas Der Schlüssel Zur Energiewende. [Online] https://www.micropyros.de/unternehmen/ [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems. Lünen MEFCO2. [Online] https://www.powerengineeringint.com/articles/2015/06/coal-plant-provides-co2-for-methanol-production.html [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• Paulus, J. Power-to-Gas – increasing hydrogen tolerance in the gas network (Power-to-Gas – Erhöhung Der Wasserstofftoleranz Im Gasnetz). [Online] http://www.stadtwerkhassfurt.de/Files/rte/file/20121107-P2G-Konzept-AR-Sitzung-inet.pdf [Accessed: 2018-09-20] (in German).
• Piskowska-Wasiak, J. 2017. Experiences and perspectives of Power to Gas technology (Doświadczenia i perspektywy procesu Power to Gas). Nafta – Gaz vol. 73, no. 8, pp. 597–604 (in Polish).
• Połecki, M. 2017. The influence of ancillary services of wind farms on conventional power plants start-up costs. Rynek Energii 3(103), pp. 27–31.
• PSE 2016a. Generation of wind sources (Generacja źródeł wiatrowych). Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne – PSE (Polish Grid Company.) [Online] https://www.pse.pl/dane-systemowe/funkcjonowanie-kse/raporty-dobowe-z-pracy-kse/generacja-zrodel-wiatrowych [Accessed 01.03.2018] (in Polish).
• PSE 2016b. Generation of power units (Generacja mocy Jednostek Wytwórczych). Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne – PSE (Polish Grid Company) [Online] https://www.pse.pl/dane-systemowe/funkcjonowanie-kse/raporty-dobowe-z-pracy-kse/generacja-mocy-jednostek-wytworczych [Accessed: 01.03.2018] (in Polish).
• PSE 2017. Annual coordination plan. (Plan koordynacyjny roczny 2017). Polskie Sieci Energetyczne – PSE (Polish Grid Company). [Online] https://www.pse.pl/dane-systemowe/plany-pracy-kse/plan-koordynacyjny-roczny-pkr/plany-na-rok-2017 [Accessed: 2018-09-07] (in Polish).
• Risto, H. 2015. Economics of Power-to-Gas integration to wastewater treatment plant. 2015. [Online] http://www.neocarbonenergy.fi/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/04_Hyyrylainen.pdf [Accessed: 2018-03-01]. Rohöl-Aufsuchungs Aktiengesellschaft. Vienna – Underground Sun Storage. [Online] http://www.underground-sun-storage.at/ [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• RWE Deutschland AG. Ibbenburen – RWE. [Online] http://www.powertogas.info/power-to-gas/pilotprojekte-im-ueberblick/rwe-demonstrationsanlage-ibbenbueren/ [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• Schneider, L. and Kötter, E. 2015. The geographic potential of Power-to-Gas in a German model region-Trier-Amprion 5. Journal of Energy Storage 1(1), pp. 1–6.
• Scottish & Southern Energy Power. Aberdeen – Hydrogen Bus Project. [Online] http://hyer.eu/best-practices/hydrogen-bus-project/ [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• Shell. Schnackenburgallee. [Online] https://www.shell.com/energy-and-innovation/the-energy-future/future-transport/hydrogen.html [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• Speicher-bar. Alzey – Exytron Null-Emission-Wohnanlage. [Online] https://exytron.online/downloads/1508858086_Weltweit erster ZERO-Emission-Wohnpark-Pilotprojekt Alzey.pdf [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• Städtische Betriebe Haßfurt – Greenpeace Energy. Konzept Einer Power-to-Gas Anlage. [Online] http://www.stadtwerkhassfurt.de/Files/rte/file/Power to Gas(1).pdf [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• Stadtwerke Mainz AG and Linde AG. The Energiepark. [Online] https://www.iea.org/media/workshops/2016/energystorageeuwp/EnergygieparkMainzoperationalandeconomicalanalysisoftheworldwidelargestpowertogasplantwithPEMelectrolysis.pdf [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• Stadtwerke Emden GmbH. University of applied sciences Edam/Leer (Hochschule Emden/Leer). [Online] http://oldweb.hs-emden-leer.de/forschung-transfer/institute/eutec/arbeitsgruppe-umweltverfahrenstechnik/projekte-in-der-ag-umweltverfahrenstechnik/power-to-flex.html [Accessed: 2018-09-20] (in German).
• Total Deutschland GmbH. Green Hydrogen Hub H2BER. [Online] http://www.renewableenergyfocus. com/view/38624/green-hydrogen-facility-opens-at-berlin-airport-with-first-refueling-of-fuel-cell-vehicle/ [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• Ulleberg et al. 2010 – Ulleberg, Ø., Nakken, T. and Eté, A. 2010. The Wind/Hydrogen Demonstration System at Utsira in Norway: Evaluation of System Performance Using Operational Data and Updated Hydrogen Energy System Modeling Tools. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 35(5), pp. 1841–1852.
• URE 2017. National RES potential in figures: the installed capacity (Potencjał krajowy OZE w liczbach: moc zainstalowana) Urząd Regulacji Energetyki – URE (The Energy Regulatory Office). [Online] https://www.ure.gov.pl/pl/rynki-energii/energia-elektryczna/odnawialne-zrodla-ener/potencjal-krajowy-oze [Accessed: 2018-09-07] (in Polish).
• Ursua et al. 2012 – Ursua, A., Gandia, L.M. and Sanchis, P. 2012. Hydrogen Production From Water Electrolysis: Current Status and Future Trends. Proceedings of the IEEE 100(2), pp. 410–426.
• Vartainen, V. Screening of Power to Gas Projects. [Online] http://www.doria.fi/bitstream/handle/10024/123485/diplomityo_vartiainen_vesa.pdf?sequence [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• Vattenfall Europe Innovation GmbH. ENERTRAG Projekte. [Online] https://ww2.enertrag.com/index.php?id=90_hybridkraftwerk/ [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• Wassertoff–Forschungszentrum Brandenburgische Technische Universität Cottbus. H2-Forschungszentrum Der BTU Cottbus. [Online] http://www.powertogas.info/power-to-gas/pilotprojekte-im-ueberblick/h2-forschungszentrum-der-btu-cottbus/ [Accessed: 2018-09-20].
• Wind–Wasserstoff–projekt GmbH & Co. KG. RH2 PTG Innovation and Demonstration Project. [Online] http://www.rh2-ptg.de/en/ [Accessed: 2018-09-20].

Uwagi

Opracowanie rekordu w ramach umowy 509/P-DUN/2018 ze środków MNiSW przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę (2019).