Emissions of nitrogen and phosphorus into rivers from agricultural land – selected controversial issues

• Autorzy: Ilnicki P.

Identyfikatory

DOI

10.1515/jwld-2014-0027

Warianty tytułu

PL

Ładunki azotu i fosforu wprowadzane do rzek z terenów rolniczych – wybrane dyskusyjne problemy

• Języki publikacji: EN

Abstrakty

EN

The research methodology for determining the sources of nutrients responsible for the eutrophication of rivers and seas, as well as the extent of their load in particular drainage basins, has for many years been at the centre of vigorous discussion. In the Oder and Vistula river basin, apart from the calculation of monthly and annual loads of nitrogen and phosphorus, based on the discharge and chemical monitoring data of waters, the MONERIS (Modeling Nutrient Emissions in River Systems) model has also been applied in determining nutrient sources. This article, on the basis of a comprehensive review of the professional literature, shall cast a critical eye over six issues that have been at the centre of past robust discussion: 1) determining the balance of N and P in agriculture, 2) the effects of a significant improvement in sewage treatment, 3) impact of technology on agriculture, 4) determination of nutrient retention in drainage basins, 5) impact of tile drainage practices on the leaching of nutrients, 6) as well as the accuracy of calculations made according to the MONERIS model. It would appear that for practical purposes it is sufficient to determine given loads of N and P from the drainage basins of particular rivers, as well as to adjust the above mentioned model, or indeed – resign from the unproven methodology of determining nutrient sources in rivers.

PL

Sposób określania źródeł pochodzenia składników biogennych powodujących eutrofizację rzek i mórz oraz wielkości ich ładunków w poszczególnych zlewniach od lat wywołuje liczne dyskusje. W zlewni Odry i Wisły – poza obliczaniem miesięcznych i rocznych ładunków azotu i fosforu na podstawie przepływów i wyników monitoringu wód – stosowano również model MONERIS określający źródła pochodzenia składników biogennych. Na podstawie obszernego przeglądu literatury w artykule w sposób krytyczny przedstawiono sześć dyskusyjnych problemów dotyczących: obliczenia bilansu N i P w rolnictwie, skutków znacznej poprawy w zakresie oczyszczania ścieków, wpływu technologii stosowanych w rolnictwie, określania retencji składników biogennych w zlewni, wpływu drenowań na wymywanie tych składników oraz prawidłowości obliczeń wykonywanych z użyciem modelu MONERIS. Do celów praktycznych wystarczające wydaje się określenie jednostkowych ładunków N i P odprowadzanych corocznie ze zlewni poszczególnych rzek oraz skorygowanie wymienionego modelu lub zrezygnowanie z niepewnego określania źródeł pochodzenia biogenów w rzekach.

Słowa kluczowe

EN

emission; load; MONERIS model; nitrogen; phosphorus; point/non-point sources; retention; river eutrophication

PL

azot; emisja; eutrofizacja rzek; fosfor; ładunek; model MONERIS; retencja; źródła punktowe i powierzchniowe

• Wydawca: Wydawnictwo ITP
• Czasopismo: Journal of Water and Land Development
• Rocznik: 2014
• Tom: no. 23
• Strony: 31--39
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 50 poz., tab.

Twórcy

autor

Ilnicki P.

• Poznań University of Life Sciences, Department of Environmental Protection, ul. Dąbrowskiego 159, 60–594 Poznań, Poland

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