Pierwsze okręty śródlądowe polskiej marynarki wojennej 1918-1921

• Autorzy: Prosnak M.

Warianty tytułu

EN

The first inland fleet warships of the polish navy (1918-1921)

• Języki publikacji: PL

Abstrakty

EN

The article describes the inland fleet warships of the Vistula Flotilla and the Pinsk Flotilla in the years 1918-1921. A total of 80 warships have been accounted for, but there is data suggesting that there were at least 98 warships in the two flotillas. The warships were built mainly in the years 1888-1905 (11 warships), but also in the period 1909-1916 (5 warships); 52 craft were taken over from the former authorities of the partitioned Poland and from private owners, while 46 were captured during the war in the east. Typologically the craft included 10 armoured warships, 18 armed warships (among which were three vessels upgraded to that status), 7 light armed warships, 18 transport vessels (including 3 personnel-sanitary vessels and 3 tugboats), 1 hospital ship, and 3 staff command-vessels, as well as 29 armed motor boats of various types (including combat, armoured, reconaissance, and transport motor boats), the latter of which there must in fact have been more, as indicated by their documented tactical numbers „M 47" and „M 51". The numerous barges are not discussed in the article. The warships differed widely as far as their propulsion was concerned - 49 had a steam engine, including at least 2 („Pancerny 1" and „Pancerny 2") which used wood as fuel, while 31 motor boats had internal combustion engines, mainly running on petrol (gasoline). Forty warships had side paddle wheels and two had paddle wheels mounted on the stern, while 27 vessels had screw propellers, including two or three („Kiliński", „Różycki" and perhaps „Bartosz Głowacki") with a tunnel stern (no data is available in the sources for the remaining warships). Also the armament used by the warships showed a great deal of variability. On the whole the armament was being increased in line with the rising numbers of the crews. There was a great variety as far as the types of weapons were concerned; they included heavy, 7.62 mm and 7.92 mm machine guns, 37 mm, 75mm and 80 mm cannons, as well as two heavy 105 mm cannons on the „Andrzej Zamoyski". Most of the cannons were of the field-gun type, which were easier to obtain at a time of great exigency. The warships were protected by wood-and-earth panelling (sand chambers, timber logs) and by steel armour (6-8 mm steel sheets, mainly on the wheelhouses). Since about 1925, the cannons were protected by armoured breastwoorks. Some warships were unique in having armoured barbettes for heavy machine guns („Wawel", „MB 1"). Since 1920 there were radio stations on board the staff command ships („Wisła", „Warneńczyk", „Andrzej Zamoyski"). Modern river monitors and typical navy motor boats, which had been custom-built for combat purposes, were used in the years 1920-1921, but they not have any influence on the inland fleet of the period under discussion; they did however give rise to a new generation of warships known from the inter-war period.

Słowa kluczowe

PL

okręty; Polska Marynarka Wojenna; XX-lecie międzywojenne

EN

warships; Polish Navy; interwar period

• Wydawca: Instytut Historii Nauki im. L. i A. Birkenmajerów Polskiej Akademii Nauk
• Czasopismo: Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
• Rocznik: 2001
• Tom: R. 46, nr 1
• Strony: 57--100
• Opis fizyczny: Bibliogr. 38 poz.

Twórcy

autor

Prosnak M.

• Łódź